Cigarette Smoking and Liver Diseases.

[1]  T. Nurkiewicz,et al.  E-Cigarette Use: Device Market, Study Design, and Emerging Evidence of Biological Consequences , 2021, International journal of molecular sciences.

[2]  Yuming Guo,et al.  Exposure to air pollution is associated with an increased risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. , 2021, Journal of hepatology.

[3]  K. Brouwer,et al.  E-Cigarette Flavoring Chemicals Induce Cytotoxicity in HepG2 Cells , 2021, ACS omega.

[4]  J. Crespo,et al.  National digestive disease specialists survey on cardiovascular risk management in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in spanish hospitals , 2021, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[5]  Jiamin Zhu,et al.  Cigarette Smoking Exposure Breaks the Homeostasis of Cholesterol and Bile Acid Metabolism and Induces Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Mice with Different Diets. , 2021, Toxicology.

[6]  M. Ziol,et al.  Telomere length is key to hepatocellular carcinoma diversity and telomerase addiction is an actionable therapeutic target. , 2020, Journal of hepatology.

[7]  W. Aekplakorn,et al.  Cigarette Smoking Increased Risk of Overall Mortality in Patients With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study , 2020, Frontiers in Medicine.

[8]  J. Ampuero,et al.  Stratification of patients in NASH clinical trials: A pitfall for trial success , 2020, JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology.

[9]  G. Hirschfield,et al.  The Epidemiology of UK Autoimmune Liver Disease Varies With Geographic Latitude , 2020, medRxiv.

[10]  J. Keaney,et al.  Effects of tobacco cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and waterpipe smoking on endothelial function and clinical outcomes , 2020, European heart journal.

[11]  Y. Yılmaz,et al.  The interaction between current smoking and hemoglobin on the risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease , 2020, European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology.

[12]  R. Andrade,et al.  Significant fibrosis predicts new-onset diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension in patients with NASH. , 2020, Journal of hepatology.

[13]  N. Bhala,et al.  Association Between Fibrosis Stage and Outcomes of Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. , 2020, Gastroenterology.

[14]  A. Besaratinia,et al.  Secondhand Smoke Induces Liver Steatosis through Deregulation of Genes Involved in Hepatic Lipid Metabolism , 2020, International journal of molecular sciences.

[15]  H. El‐Serag,et al.  AGA Clinical Practice Update on Screening and Surveillance for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Expert Review. , 2020, Gastroenterology.

[16]  Takanori Ito,et al.  Effect of weight change and lifestyle modifications on the development or remission of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: sex-specific analysis , 2020, Scientific Reports.

[17]  K. Abeysekera,et al.  Prevalence of steatosis and fibrosis in young adults in the UK: a population-based study , 2020, The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology.

[18]  S. Jordt,et al.  Invalidity of an Oft-Cited Estimate of the Relative Harms of Electronic Cigarettes. , 2020, American journal of public health.

[19]  Yan Gao,et al.  Development and validation of a simple risk model to predict major cancers for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease , 2019, Cancer medicine.

[20]  S. Gudbjörnsdottir,et al.  Risk Factors for Severe Liver Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. , 2019, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[21]  V. Wong,et al.  Reduced Patient-Reported Outcome Scores Associate with Level of Fibrosis in Patients with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. , 2019, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[22]  W. Liao,et al.  Association between Smoking and Liver Fibrosis among Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , 2019, Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology.

[23]  N. Sattar,et al.  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident acute myocardial infarction and stroke: findings from matched cohort study of 18 million European adults , 2019, BMJ.

[24]  O. Cummings,et al.  Association of Histologic Disease Activity With Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , 2019, JAMA network open.

[25]  Marco Silva,et al.  Predictive models of mortality and hospital readmission of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. , 2019, Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver.

[26]  Kathleen F. Kerr,et al.  Models estimating risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with alcohol or NAFLD-related cirrhosis for risk stratification. , 2019, Journal of hepatology.

[27]  P. Tandon,et al.  Management of Lifestyle Factors in Individuals with Cirrhosis: A Pragmatic Review , 2019, Seminars in Liver Disease.

[28]  Yongpeng Chen,et al.  Impacts of cigarette smoking on liver fibrosis and its regression under therapy in male patients with chronic hepatitis B , 2019, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[29]  M. McLaughlin,et al.  Long-Term Changes in Hepatic Fibrosis following Hepatitis C Viral Clearance in Patients with and without HIV , 2019, Antiviral therapy.

[30]  A. Rezaie,et al.  A new method to induce nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in mice , 2019, BMC Gastroenterology.

[31]  W. Kim,et al.  The interaction of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and smoking on mortality among adults in the United States , 2019, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[32]  X. Shao,et al.  Hepatic DNA Damage Induced by Electronic Cigarette Exposure Is Associated With the Modulation of NAD+/PARP1/SIRT1 Axis , 2019, Front. Endocrinol..

[33]  I. Sinha-Hikim,et al.  E‐cigarettes and Western Diet: Important Metabolic Risk Factors for Hepatic Diseases , 2019, Hepatology.

[34]  C. Li,et al.  Risk Factors, Patterns, and Outcomes of Late Recurrence After Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multicenter Study From China , 2019, JAMA surgery.

[35]  Pei-Jer Chen,et al.  Smoking and Hepatitis B Virus–Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk: The Mediating Roles of Viral Load and Alanine Aminotransferase , 2019, Hepatology.

[36]  Shan-shan Geng,et al.  Tobacco smoke induced hepatic cancer stem cell-like properties through IL-33/p38 pathway , 2019, Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR.

[37]  M. Tzardi,et al.  Association of smoking with liver fibrosis and mortality in primary biliary cholangitis , 2018, European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology.

[38]  M. García-Fiñana,et al.  Development of pre and post-operative models to predict early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgical resection. , 2018, Journal of hepatology.

[39]  R. Teschke.  Alcoholic Liver Disease: Alcohol Metabolism, Cascade of Molecular Mechanisms, Cellular Targets, and Clinical Aspects , 2018, Biomedicines.

[40]  Yoosoo Chang,et al.  Smoking and the Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cohort Study , 2018, The American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[41]  R. Hultcrantz,et al.  Cardiovascular risk factors in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease , 2018, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[42]  A. McCullough,et al.  Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Survival in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A National Prospective Cohort Study , 2018, Hepatology.

[43]  A. Jemal,et al.  Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries , 2018, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[44]  M. Kumar,et al.  Range of Normal Liver Stiffness and Factors Associated With Increased Stiffness Measurements in Apparently Healthy Individuals , 2018, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[45]  B. Neuschwander‐Tetri,et al.  Among Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Modest Alcohol Use Is Associated With Less Improvement in Histologic Steatosis and Steatohepatitis , 2018, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[46]  J. Lazarus,et al.  Burden of liver disease in Europe: Epidemiology and analysis of risk factors to identify prevention policies. , 2018, Journal of hepatology.

[47]  Antonio Felix Conde-Martin,et al.  Fibrosis Severity as a Determinant of Cause-Specific Mortality in Patients With Advanced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Multi-National Cohort Study. , 2018, Gastroenterology.

[48]  H. Hong,et al.  Association between cotinine‐verified smoking status and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease , 2018, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[49]  A. Jula,et al.  Interaction between alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome in predicting severe liver disease in the general population , 2018, Hepatology.

[50]  C. la Vecchia,et al.  Worldwide incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma cases attributable to major risk factors , 2018, European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation.

[51]  Y. Hiasa,et al.  Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for the onset of fatty liver disease in nondrinkers: A longitudinal cohort study , 2018, PloS one.

[52]  M. Manns,et al.  Autoimmune hepatitis , 2018, Nature Reviews Disease Primers.

[53]  R. Sinha,et al.  Tobacco, alcohol use and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: The Liver Cancer Pooling Project , 2018, British Journal of Cancer.

[54]  J. Dufour,et al.  Effect of smoking on survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma , 2017, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[55]  B. Neuschwander‐Tetri,et al.  Baseline Parameters in Clinical Trials for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Recommendations From the Liver Forum. , 2017, Gastroenterology.

[56]  Tong Li,et al.  Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 , 2017, The Lancet.

[57]  C. Mulder,et al.  Smoking is associated with severity of liver fibrosis but not with histological severity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Results from a cross-sectional study , 2017, Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology.

[58]  Herbert Tilg,et al.  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its relationship with cardiovascular disease and other extrahepatic diseases , 2017, Gut.

[59]  R. Dhiman,et al.  Prevalence of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional, Clinicoepidemiological, Multicenter, Nationwide Study in India: The PREDICT Study. , 2017, Journal of clinical and experimental hepatology.

[60]  B. de Courten,et al.  Coffee Intake Is Associated with a Lower Liver Stiffness in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Hepatitis C, and Hepatitis B , 2017, Nutrients.

[61]  Feifei Qiu,et al.  Impacts of cigarette smoking on immune responsiveness: Up and down or upside down? , 2016, Oncotarget.

[62]  Ashutosh Kumar Singh,et al.  Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 , 2016, Lancet.

[63]  D. Couper,et al.  Synergistic and Non-synergistic Associations for Cigarette Smoking and Non-tobacco Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease Incidence in the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) Study , 2016, Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.

[64]  S. Liangpunsakul,et al.  Association between serum cotinine level and prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey , 2016, Journal of Investigative Medicine.

[65]  Corrado Barbui,et al.  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis. , 2016, Journal of hepatology.

[66]  Kyung-Chul Choi,et al.  Mainstream cigarette smoke accelerates the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by modulating Kupffer cell-mediated hepatocellular apoptosis in adolescent mice. , 2016, Toxicology letters.

[67]  L. Henry,et al.  Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease—Meta‐analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes , 2016, Hepatology.

[68]  A. Mehrabi,et al.  Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for the development of and mortality from hepatocellular carcinoma: An updated systematic review of 81 epidemiological studies , 2016, Journal of evidence-based medicine.

[69]  E. Akl,et al.  The effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking on health outcomes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2016, International journal of epidemiology.

[70]  Ramon Bataller,et al.  Standard Definitions and Common Data Elements for Clinical Trials in Patients With Alcoholic Hepatitis: Recommendation From the NIAAA Alcoholic Hepatitis Consortia. , 2016, Gastroenterology.

[71]  Ji Luo,et al.  NAFLD causes selective CD4+ T lymphocyte loss and promotes hepatocarcinogenesis , 2016, Nature.

[72]  E. Bjornsson,et al.  Liver Fibrosis, but No Other Histologic Features, Is Associated With Long-term Outcomes of Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. , 2015, Gastroenterology.

[73]  C. Byrne,et al.  NAFLD: a multisystem disease. , 2015, Journal of hepatology.

[74]  Don C Rockey,et al.  Fibrosis--a common pathway to organ injury and failure. , 2015, The New England journal of medicine.

[75]  G. Criner,et al.  Cigarette smoke silences innate lymphoid cell function and facilitates an exacerbated type I interleukin-33-dependent response to infection. , 2015, Immunity.

[76]  Jie-shou Li,et al.  Cigarette smoking is associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction in the small intestine but not in the large intestine of mice. , 2014, Journal of Crohn's & colitis.

[77]  D. Rockey,et al.  Vascular pathobiology in chronic liver disease and cirrhosis - current status and future directions. , 2014, Journal of hepatology.

[78]  Stanton A Glantz,et al.  Electronic cigarettes and conventional cigarette use among U.S. adolescents: a cross-sectional study. , 2014, JAMA pediatrics.

[79]  A. Fairchild,et al.  The renormalization of smoking? E-cigarettes and the tobacco "endgame". , 2014, The New England journal of medicine.

[80]  J. Larson,et al.  Questionnaire based assessment of risk factors for primary biliary cirrhosis. , 2013, Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver.

[81]  J. Tolstrup,et al.  Smoking and risk of liver cirrhosis: a population-based cohort study , 2013, Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology.

[82]  Yu Xu,et al.  Active Smoking, Passive Smoking, and Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Population-Based Study in China , 2013, Journal of epidemiology.

[83]  S. Glaser,et al.  General mechanisms of nicotine‐induced fibrogenesis , 2012, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[84]  Pei-Jer Chen,et al.  Influences of tobacco and alcohol use on hepatocellular carcinoma survival , 2012, International journal of cancer.

[85]  S. Najjar,et al.  Additive effects of nicotine and high-fat diet on hepatic steatosis in male mice. , 2012, Endocrinology.

[86]  G. Ning,et al.  Active Smoking and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies , 2012, PloS one.

[87]  Derrick E Fouts,et al.  Bacterial translocation and changes in the intestinal microbiome in mouse models of liver disease. , 2012, Journal of hepatology.

[88]  W. Pierce,et al.  Reduced 4-aminobiphenyl-induced liver tumorigenicity but not DNA damage in arylamine N-acetyltransferase null mice. , 2012, Cancer letters.

[89]  S. De Flora,et al.  Differential carcinogenicity of cigarette smoke in mice exposed either transplacentally, early in life or in adulthood , 2012, International journal of cancer.

[90]  T. Roskams,et al.  Nicotine induces fibrogenic changes in human liver via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed on hepatic stellate cells. , 2012, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[91]  A. McCullough,et al.  Smoking and severity of hepatic fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. , 2011, Journal of hepatology.

[92]  G. Alexander,et al.  Ageing, telomeres, senescence, and liver injury. , 2010, Journal of hepatology.

[93]  R. Bataller,et al.  Cigarette smoking and chronic liver diseases , 2010, Gut.

[94]  Y. Chrétien,et al.  Demographic, lifestyle, medical and familial factors associated with primary biliary cirrhosis. , 2010, Journal of hepatology.

[95]  Y. Shoenfeld,et al.  Effects of tobacco smoke on immunity, inflammation and autoimmunity. , 2010, Journal of autoimmunity.

[96]  P. Boffetta,et al.  Interaction between Cigarette Smoking and Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection on the Risk of Liver Cancer: A Meta-analysis , 2010, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.

[97]  V. Peinado,et al.  Cigarette smoking exacerbates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese rats , 2010, Hepatology.

[98]  G. Pera,et al.  Prevalence and factors associated with the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in an adult population in Spain , 2010, European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology.

[99]  K. Straif,et al.  Meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies on cigarette smoking and liver cancer. , 2009, International journal of epidemiology.

[100]  P. Muriel.  Role of free radicals in liver diseases , 2009, Hepatology international.

[101]  Jong-Dar Chen,et al.  Synergistic effect of fatty liver and smoking on metabolic syndrome. , 2009, World journal of gastroenterology.

[102]  J. Shyy,et al.  Second-hand smoke stimulates lipid accumulation in the liver by modulating AMPK and SREBP-1. , 2009, Journal of hepatology.

[103]  E. Tsochatzis,et al.  Smoking is associated with steatosis and severe fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C but not B , 2009, Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology.

[104]  M. Ichiba,et al.  Interaction between interleukin-1beta -31T/C gene polymorphism and drinking and smoking habits on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among Japanese. , 2008, Cancer letters.

[105]  P. Hayes,et al.  Smoking‐related morbidity and mortality following liver transplantation , 2008, Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society.

[106]  F. Paccaud,et al.  Consequences of smoking for body weight, body fat distribution, and insulin resistance. , 2008, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[107]  Yosuke Osawa,et al.  TLR4 enhances TGF-β signaling and hepatic fibrosis , 2007, Nature Medicine.

[108]  A. Manrique,et al.  Incidence and risk factors for the development of lung tumors after liver transplantation , 2007, Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation.

[109]  A. McCullough,et al.  Smoking and increased severity of hepatic fibrosis in primary biliary cirrhosis: A cross validated retrospective assessment , 2006, Hepatology.

[110]  R. Bataller.  Time to ban smoking in patients with chronic liver diseases , 2006, Hepatology.

[111]  D. Kaye,et al.  Adverse Effects of Cigarette Smoke on NO Bioavailability: Role of Arginine Metabolism and Oxidative Stress , 2006, Hypertension.

[112]  M. Inoue,et al.  Cigarette smoking and liver cancer risk: an evaluation based on a systematic review of epidemiologic evidence among Japanese. , 2006, Japanese journal of clinical oncology.

[113]  I. Rahman,et al.  Cigarette smoke induces proinflammatory cytokine release by activation of NF-kappaB and posttranslational modifications of histone deacetylase in macrophages. , 2006, American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology.

[114]  J. McHutchison,et al.  Relationship of smoking and fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. , 2006, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[115]  M. Kaplan,et al.  Risk factors and comorbidities in primary biliary cirrhosis: A controlled interview‐based study of 1032 patients , 2005, Hepatology.

[116]  R. Lucas,et al.  Association or causation: evaluating links between "environment and disease". , 2005, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[117]  J. Marrero,et al.  Alcohol, tobacco and obesity are synergistic risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma. , 2005, Journal of hepatology.

[118]  J. Samet,et al.  Cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, hepatitis B, and risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea. , 2004, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[119]  S. Yusuf,et al.  Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study , 2004, The Lancet.

[120]  D. Valla,et al.  Five‐year survival predictive factors in patients with excessive alcohol intake and cirrhosis. Effect of alcoholic hepatitis, smoking and abstinence , 2003, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[121]  J. Pawlotsky,et al.  Impact of smoking on histological liver lesions in chronic hepatitis C , 2003, Gut.

[122]  S. Pungpapong,et al.  Cigarette smoking is associated with an increased incidence of vascular complications after liver transplantation , 2002, Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society.

[123]  D. Wendum,et al.  Hypoxia‐induced VEGF and collagen I expressions are associated with angiogenesis and fibrogenesis in experimental cirrhosis , 2002, Hepatology.

[124]  W. Tsai,et al.  Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon‐DNA adducts in liver tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma patients and controls , 2002, International journal of cancer.

[125]  D. Valla,et al.  Cigarette smoking and hepatic lesions in patients with chronic hepatitis C , 2001, Hepatology.

[126]  H. Adami,et al.  Tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and their interaction in the causation of hepatocellular carcinoma , 2000, International journal of cancer.

[127]  G. Marchesini,et al.  Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with insulin resistance. , 1999, The American journal of medicine.

[128]  C. Lieber.  Microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS): the first 30 years (1968-1998)--a review. , 1999, Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research.

[129]  C. J. Chen,et al.  Prospective study of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis in asymptomatic chronic hepatitis B virus carriers. , 1997, American journal of epidemiology.

[130]  R. Coppel,et al.  In situ nucleic acid hybridization of cytokines in primary biliary cirrhosis: Predominance of the Th1 subset , 1997, Hepatology.

[131]  M. Sopori,et al.  Effects of nicotine on the immune response. II. Chronic nicotine treatment induces T cell anergy. , 1996, Journal of immunology.

[132]  C. Cho,et al.  The effect of nicotine and its interaction with carbon tetrachloride in the rat liver. , 1995, Pharmacology & toxicology.

[133]  G. Corrao,et al.  The effect of drinking coffee and smoking cigarettes on the risk of cirrhosis associated with alcohol consumption , 1994, European Journal of Epidemiology.

[134]  A. Klatsky,et al.  Alcohol, Smoking, Cofee, and Cirrhosis , 1992 .

[135]  G. Reaven,et al.  Insulin resistance and cigarette smoking , 1992, The Lancet.

[136]  RONALD A. FISHER,et al.  Cancer and Smoking , 1958, Nature.

[137]  R. A. Fisher.  Dangers of Cigarette-smoking , 1957 .

[138]  Seong-Jin Choi,et al.  Cigarette smoking differentially regulates inflammatory responses in a mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis depending on exposure time point. , 2019, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[139]  R. Bataller,et al.  Amendment history : Corrigendum ( April 2005 ) Liver fibrosis Ramón Bataller , 2018 .

[140]  S. M. de la Monte,et al.  Enzymatic Responses to Alcohol and Tobacco Nicotine-Derived Nitrosamine Ketone Exposures in Long Evans Rat Livers. , 2016, Austin liver.

[141]  Y. Chrétien,et al.  Smoking as an independent risk factor of liver fibrosis in primary biliary cirrhosis. , 2012, Journal of hepatology.

[142]  G. D’Amico,et al.  Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a systematic review of 118 studies. , 2006, Journal of hepatology.

[143]  A. García-Sánchez,et al.  CaracterizaciÓn de los tumores malignos de novo en el trasplante hepático , 2003 .

[144]  A. el-Zayadi,et al.  Heavy cigarette smoking induces hypoxic polycythemia (erythrocytosis) and hyperuricemia in chronic hepatitis C patients with reversal of clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters with therapeutic phlebotomy , 2002, American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[145]  L. Bierut,et al.  Co-Occurring Risk Factors for Alcohol Dependence and Habitual Smoking , 2000, Alcohol research & health : the journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.

[146]  J. Lake,et al.  Liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease , 1993 .