On the optimization of energy storage system placement for protecting power transmission grids against dynamic load altering attacks

In this paper a power system protection scheme based on energy storage system placement against closed-loop dynamic load altering attacks is proposed. The protection design consists in formulating a non-convex optimization problem, subject to a Lyapunov stability constraint and solved using a two-step iterative procedure. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the approach and the potential relevance of using energy storage systems in support of primary frequency regulation services.

[1]  Florian Dörfler,et al.  Attack Detection and Identification in Cyber-Physical Systems -- Part II: Centralized and Distributed Monitor Design , 2012, ArXiv.

[2]  François Bouffard,et al.  Decentralized Demand-Side Contribution to Primary Frequency Control , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[3]  Antonio Pietrabissa,et al.  A robust adaptive congestion control for communication networks with time-varying delays , 2006, 2006 IEEE Conference on Computer Aided Control System Design, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications, 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control.

[4]  Stefano Panzieri,et al.  Improving Resilience of Interdependent Critical Infrastructures via an On-Line Alerting System , 2010, 2010 Complexity in Engineering.

[5]  Genady Grabarnik,et al.  Sparse Modeling: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications , 2014 .

[6]  Andrea Lanna,et al.  Electric energy storage systems integration in distribution grids , 2015, 2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC).

[7]  F. Bullo,et al.  A graph-theoretical characterization of power network vulnerabilities , 2011, Proceedings of the 2011 American Control Conference.

[8]  Luca Veltri,et al.  Trust-based routing for Kademlia in a sybil scenario , 2014, 2014 22nd International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM).

[9]  Josep M. Guerrero,et al.  Aalborg Universitet Optimal Power Flow in Microgrids with Energy Storage , 2013 .

[10]  Bruno Sinopoli,et al.  False Data Injection Attacks in Electricity Markets , 2010, 2010 First IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications.

[11]  Balas K. Natarajan,et al.  Sparse Approximate Solutions to Linear Systems , 1995, SIAM J. Comput..

[12]  A. Di Giorgio,et al.  A model predictive control approach to the load shifting problem in a household equipped with an energy storage unit , 2012, 2012 20th Mediterranean Conference on Control & Automation (MED).

[13]  Vincenzo Suraci,et al.  A distributed load balancing algorithm for the control plane in software defined networking , 2016, 2016 24th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED).

[14]  Alvaro Marucci,et al.  Energy-Aware Control of Home Networks , 2013, ICCSA.

[15]  Francesco Liberati,et al.  Interdependency modeling and analysis of critical infrastructures based on Dynamic Bayesian Networks , 2011, 2011 19th Mediterranean Conference on Control & Automation (MED).

[16]  Francesco Delli Priscoli,et al.  On the control of energy storage systems for electric vehicles fast charging in service areas , 2016, 2016 24th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED).

[17]  Vincenzo Suraci,et al.  Modelling quality of experience in future internet networks , 2012, 2012 Future Network & Mobile Summit (FutureNetw).

[18]  Antonio Pietrabissa,et al.  Model Predictive Control of Energy Storage Systems for Power Tracking and Shaving in Distribution Grids , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[19]  Ufuk Topcu,et al.  Optimal Load Control via Frequency Measurement and Neighborhood Area Communication , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[20]  Riccardo Pecori.  A comparison analysis of trust-adaptive approaches to deliver signed public keys in P2P systems , 2015, 2015 7th International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS).

[21]  Antonio Pietrabissa,et al.  Control-based Connection Admission Control and Downlink Congestion Control procedures for satellite networks , 2009, J. Frankl. Inst..

[22]  Alessio Merlo,et al.  A survey on energy-aware security mechanisms , 2015, Pervasive Mob. Comput..

[23]  Riccardo Pecori,et al.  S-Kademlia: A trust and reputation method to mitigate a Sybil attack in Kademlia , 2016, Comput. Networks.

[24]  Peng Ning,et al.  False data injection attacks against state estimation in electric power grids , 2011, TSEC.

[25]  C. Bruni,et al.  An optimal approach to the connection admission control problem , 2006 .

[26]  M. Barbetta,et al.  Energy storage systems and distribution grids: A real case study in Italy , 2016, 2016 IEEE 16th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC).

[27]  Jason Stamp,et al.  Reliability impacts from cyber attack on electric power systems , 2009, 2009 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition.

[28]  L. Martirano,et al.  Technologies for smart grids: A brief review , 2013, 2013 12th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering.

[29]  Vincenzo Suraci,et al.  A multi-agent reinforcement learning based approach to Quality of Experience control in Future Internet networks , 2015, 2015 34th Chinese Control Conference (CCC).

[30]  Antonio Pietrabissa,et al.  Quality of Experience Provision in the Future Internet , 2016, IEEE Systems Journal.

[31]  Alessandro Di Giorgio,et al.  A Bayesian Network-Based Approach to the Critical Infrastructure Interdependencies Analysis , 2012, IEEE Systems Journal.

[32]  Stephen P. Boyd,et al.  Convex Optimization , 2004, Algorithms and Theory of Computation Handbook.

[33]  Vincenzo Suraci,et al.  The SHIELD framework: How to control Security, Privacy and Dependability in complex systems , 2012, 2012 Complexity in Engineering (COMPENG). Proceedings.

[34]  Hamed Mohsenian-Rad,et al.  Dynamic Load Altering Attacks Against Power System Stability: Attack Models and Protection Schemes , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[35]  Wayne F. Boyer,et al.  Study of Security Attributes of Smart Grid Systems- Current Cyber Security Issues , 2009 .

[36]  M. Pagano,et al.  Ultracapacitor-based distributed energy resources to support time-varying smart-grid power flows , 2012, International Symposium on Power Electronics Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion.

[37]  Vincenzo Suraci,et al.  Multi-agent quality of experience control , 2017, International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems.

[38]  Ufuk Topcu,et al.  Optimal power flow with large-scale storage integration , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[39]  Raja Ayyanar,et al.  Design and Strategy for the Deployment of Energy Storage Systems in a Distribution Feeder With Penetration of Renewable Resources , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[40]  Francesco Delli Priscoli,et al.  Resource management in network dynamics: An optimal approach to the admission control problem , 2010, Comput. Math. Appl..

[41]  John N. Tsitsiklis,et al.  Parallel and distributed computation , 1989 .

[42]  Vincenzo Suraci,et al.  A Future Internet oriented user centric extended intelligent transportation system , 2016, 2016 24th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED).

[43]  A. Mercurio,et al.  Resilient planning of PowerLine Communications networks over Medium Voltage distribution grids , 2012, 2012 20th Mediterranean Conference on Control & Automation (MED).

[44]  Francesco Flammini,et al.  On the Use of Semantic Technologies to Model and Control Security, Privacy and Dependability in Complex Systems , 2011, SAFECOMP.

[45]  Francesco Bullo,et al.  Control-Theoretic Methods for Cyberphysical Security: Geometric Principles for Optimal Cross-Layer Resilient Control Systems , 2015, IEEE Control Systems.

[46]  Alberto Isidori,et al.  A control-engineering approach to integrated congestion control and scheduling in wireless local area networks , 2005 .

[47]  Battilotti Stefano,et al.  A multi-agent reinforcement learning based approach to Quality of Experience control in Future Internet networks , 2015, CCC 2015.

[48]  Hamed Mohsenian-Rad,et al.  Dynamic Load Altering Attacks Against Power System Stability : Attack Models and Protection Designs , 2015 .

[49]  Andrea Lanna,et al.  Real time optimal power flow integrating large scale storage devices and wind generation , 2015, 2015 23rd Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED).

[50]  Edmundo Monteiro,et al.  Secure Mediation Gateway architecture enabling the communication among Critical Infrastructures , 2010, 2010 Future Network & Mobile Summit.