Quantitative EEG Correlations with Brain Glucose Metabolic Rate during Anesthesia in Volunteers

Background To help elucidate the relationship between anesthetic‐induced changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) and the concurrent cerebral metabolic changes caused by anesthesia, positron emission tomography data of cerebral metabolism obtained in volunteers during anesthesia were correlated retrospectively with various concurrently measured EEG descriptors. Methods Volunteers underwent functional brain imaging using the18 fluorodeoxyglucose technique; one scan always assessed awake‐baseline cerebral metabolism (n = 7), and the other scans assessed metabolism during propofol sedation (n = 4), propofol anesthesia (n = 4), or isoflurane anesthesia (n = 5). The EEG was recorded continuously during metabolism assessment using a frontal‐mastoid montage. Power spectrum variables, median frequency, 95% spectral edge, and bispectral index (BIS) values subsequently were correlated with the percentage of absolute cerebral metabolic reduction (PACMR) of glucose utilization caused by anesthesia. Results The percentage of absolute cerebral metabolic reduction, evident during anesthesia, trended median frequency (r = ‐ 0.46, P = 0.11), and the spectral edge (r = ‐ 0.52, P = 0.07), and correlated with anesthetic type (r = ‐ 0.70, P < 0.05), relative [small beta, Greek] power (r = ‐ 0.60, P < 0.05), total power (r = 0.71, P < 0.01), and bispectral index (r = ‐ 0.81, P < 0.001). After controlling for anesthetic type, only bispectral index (r = 0.40, P = 0.08) and [small alpha, Greek] power (r = 0.37, P = 0.10) approached significance for explaining residual percentage of absolute cerebral metabolic reduction prediction error. Conclusions Some EEG descriptors correlated linearly with the magnitude of the cerebral metabolic reduction caused by propofol and isoflurane anesthesia. These data suggest that a physiologic link exists between the EEG and cerebral metabolism during anesthesia that is mathematically quantifiable.