Antepartum Fetal Heart-Rate Monitoring and Fetal Asphyxia

Mayor is credited by Lejumeau de Kergardec as the first to recognize the fetal heart-rate (FHR) sounds [26]. It occurred by accident while he was employing direct auscultation for the purpose of listening for fetal movements. In 1923, in the text by Kerr et al. [23] there is mention of the use of FHR in clinical medicine: “The fetal heart sounds can be heard from the fifth month onward. The rate averages between 120 and 150 to the minute; the most common rates are from 130 to 140. When they sink persistently below 100 or are increased to 160, this is evidence that the child’s life being in danger owing to some circulatory disturbance.”

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