Energy consumption pattern and scalability of routing protocols for heterogeneous MANETs

Routing proposals in MANETs have been implemented and tested considering homogeneous environment where nodes have equal capabilities and responsibilities to perform. These assumptions are not helpful to realise the actual performance of the routing protocols. Therefore, existing routing protocols should be tested and benchmarked for heterogeneous MANETs H-MANETs. In this paper, an analysis of AODV, DSR, AOMDV and CBRP protocols is done. The efficacy of these protocols has been judged for varying network size and varying traffic for H-MANETs. Heterogeneity has been introduced in terms of different random initial energy values given to each node. The performance analysis has been done using network simulator NS-2 for various important performance parameters. Results show that CBRP as compare to other protocols performs better and as a second choice, especially for large traffic, AOMDV is the best protocol. This work is useful for the judicious and sensible selection of the base routing protocol.

[1]  Peter Han Joo Chong,et al.  An efficient clustering scheme for large and dense mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) , 2006, Comput. Commun..

[2]  Sajal K. Das,et al.  WCA: A Weighted Clustering Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2002, Cluster Computing.

[3]  Xiaoyan Hong,et al.  Scalable routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks , 2002, IEEE Netw..

[4]  Klara Nahrstedt,et al.  Fault tolerant routing in mobile ad hoc networks , 2003, 2003 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking, 2003. WCNC 2003..

[5]  Peter E. Sholander,et al.  Experimental comparison of hybrid and proactive MANET routing protocols , 2002, MILCOM 2002. Proceedings.

[6]  M. A. Rizvi,et al.  Minimizing congestion and improved QoS of AODV using clustering in mobile ad hoc network , 2014, International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE-2014).

[7]  Mohammad S. Obaidat,et al.  Using Ant-Like Agents for Fault-Tolerant Routing in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[8]  Tracy Camp,et al.  Discovering Variables that Affect MANET Protocol Performance , 2007, IEEE GLOBECOM 2007 - IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference.

[9]  Jeena John,et al.  A reliable optimized clustering in MANET using Ant Colony algorithm , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing.

[10]  A. Ephremides,et al.  A design concept for reliable mobile radio networks with frequency hopping signaling , 1987, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[11]  Peter Han Joo Chong,et al.  Performance Comparison of Flat and Cluster-Based Hierarchical Ad Hoc Routing with Entity and Group Mobility , 2009, 2009 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference.

[12]  G. V. Kumar,et al.  Current Research Work on Routing Protocols for MANET: A Literature Survey , 2010 .

[13]  Ben Lee,et al.  Issues in Scalable Clustered Network Architecture for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2004, Mobile Computing Handbook.

[14]  A.M. Abbas,et al.  Topology control in heterogeneous mobile ad hoc networks , 2005, 2005 IEEE International Conference on Personal Wireless Communications, 2005. ICPWC 2005..

[15]  Charles E. Perkins,et al.  Ad Hoc Networking , 2001 .

[16]  David A. Maltz,et al.  Dynamic Source Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks , 1994, Mobidata.

[17]  Charu Wahi,et al.  Effect of Scalability and Mobility on On-Demand Routing Protocols in a Mobile Ad-Hoc Network , 2013 .

[18]  Charles E. Perkins,et al.  Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing , 1999, Proceedings WMCSA'99. Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications.

[19]  Ahmed Habbani,et al.  An energy efficient clustering algorithm for MANETs , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems (ICMCS).

[20]  Rahul Johari,et al.  Routing in MANET using cluster based approach (RIMCA) , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom).

[21]  Heinrich Moser,et al.  Topology control for fault-tolerant communication in highly dynamic wireless networks , 2005, Third International Workshop on Intelligent Solutions in Embedded Systems, 2005..

[22]  J. Lipman,et al.  A routing strategy for heterogeneous mobile ad hoc networks , 2004, Proceedings of the IEEE 6th Circuits and Systems Symposium on Emerging Technologies: Frontiers of Mobile and Wireless Communication (IEEE Cat. No.04EX710).

[23]  Sudip Misra,et al.  Bird Flight-Inspired Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2011, TAAS.

[24]  Vallipuram Muthukkumarasamy,et al.  Trust-Based Cluster Head Selection Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2011, 2011IEEE 10th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications.

[25]  Kwang-Cheng Chen,et al.  A Clustering Algorithm to Produce Power-Efficient Architecture for (N,B)-Connected Ad Hoc Networks , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[26]  Charu,et al.  A weight based energy-aware hierarchical clustering scheme for mobile ad hoc networks , 2014, 2014 Seventh International Conference on Contemporary Computing (IC3).

[27]  Charalampos Konstantopoulos,et al.  Clustering of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: An Adaptive Broadcast Period Approach , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[28]  Ewa Niewiadomska-Szynkiewicz,et al.  Modeling Mobility in Cooperative Ad Hoc Networks , 2013, Mob. Networks Appl..

[29]  Mahesh K. Marina,et al.  On-demand multipath distance vector routing in ad hoc networks , 2001, Proceedings Ninth International Conference on Network Protocols. ICNP 2001.

[30]  Jenq-Shiou Leu,et al.  Ant-Based On-Demand Clustering Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks , 2013, 2013 Seventh International Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing.

[31]  Hassan Artail,et al.  A Dynamic Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm for MANETs , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications.

[32]  Tracy Camp,et al.  Constructing MANET Simulation Scenarios That Meet Standards , 2007, 2007 IEEE Internatonal Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems.

[33]  Daniel W. Engels,et al.  Routing in Heterogeneous Wireless Ad Hoc Networks , 2007, 2007 16th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks.

[34]  Wei Liu,et al.  DELAR: device/energy/load aware relaying in heterogeneous wireless ad hoc networks , 2004, IEEE MILCOM 2004. Military Communications Conference, 2004..

[35]  Elizabeth M. Belding-Royer,et al.  A review of current routing protocols for ad hoc mobile wireless networks , 1999, IEEE Wirel. Commun..

[36]  Tracy Camp,et al.  A survey of mobility models for ad hoc network research , 2002, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput..

[37]  B. N. Yuvaraju,et al.  Node connectivity, Energy and Bandwidth Aware Clustering Routing Algorithm for real-time traffic multicasting in MANET , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC).

[38]  Azzedine Boukerche,et al.  Routing protocols in ad hoc networks: A survey , 2011, Comput. Networks.

[39]  B. John Oommen,et al.  A Fault-Tolerant Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using a Stochastic Learning-Based Weak Estimation Procedure , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications.

[40]  P. Venkata Krishna,et al.  A learning automata-based fault-tolerant routing algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks , 2011, The Journal of Supercomputing.

[41]  Bartosz Mielczarek,et al.  Scenario-based performance analysis of routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks , 1999, MobiCom.

[42]  Mario Gerla,et al.  A heterogeneous routing protocol based on a new stable clustering scheme , 2002, MILCOM 2002. Proceedings.

[43]  Ioannis Chatzigiannakis,et al.  Routing protocols for efficient communication in wireless ad-hoc networks , 2006, PE-WASUN '06.

[44]  Subir Kumar Sarkar,et al.  Performance Evaluation and Comparison of AODV and AOMDV , 2010 .

[45]  Imrich Chlamtac,et al.  Energy Efficient Design of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks , 2002, NETWORKING.

[46]  Abdelfettah Belghith,et al.  An efficient scalable weighted clustering algorithm for mobile Ad Hoc networks , 2013, 2013 3rd International Conference on Information Technology and e-Services (ICITeS).

[47]  Yuguang Fang,et al.  Conserve energy through multiple-packets transmission in heterogeneous mobile ad hoc networks , 2005, MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE Military Communications Conference.

[48]  Hao Wu,et al.  An Energy Efficient Clustering Scheme for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2010, 2010 IEEE 71st Vehicular Technology Conference.

[49]  H. Ehsan,et al.  Performance comparison of ad hoc wireless network routing protocols , 2004, 8th International Multitopic Conference, 2004. Proceedings of INMIC 2004..

[50]  Vinay Rishiwal.  Analysis of Energy Consumption Pattern for On Demand Adhoc Routing Protocols , 2008 .