On the Sociality of Social Robots A Sociology-of-Knowledge Perspective

Within the broad field of robotics, designers are working on the development of “social” robots. Of interest in the context of artificial companionship is the type of bond between human beings and robotic artefacts that is not merely situation-specific but rather cross-situational and that robotics researchers (and not only they) like to term a “social relationship”. After reflecting on the potential attractiveness of robot companions based on Luckmann’s “universal projection”, and discussing sociology-of-technology approaches to this subject of research, two sociology-of-knowledge concepts – objectivation and institutionalization – will be introduced, with the help of which the sociality of these technical artefacts can be located.

[1]  Tim Dant,et al.  Materiality and Society , 2004 .

[2]  Mark Coeckelbergh,et al.  Humans, Animals, and Robots: A Phenomenological Approach to Human-Robot Relations , 2011, Int. J. Soc. Robotics.

[3]  Alfred Schuetz,et al.  Common-Sense and Scientific Interpretation of Human Action , 1953 .

[4]  Don Ihde,et al.  Technology and the lifeworld , 1990 .

[5]  Cynthia Breazeal,et al.  Designing sociable robots , 2002 .

[6]  G. Lindemann Die Emergenzfunktion des Dritten – ihre Bedeutung für die Analyse der Ordnung einer funktional differenzierten Gesellschaft / The Emergence of Order – the Function of the Third Actor and Its Relevance for the Analysis of Functional Differentiation , 2010 .

[7]  A. Ferrari Tier und Technik , 2013 .

[8]  Christopher P. Scholtz Alltag mit kunstlichen Wesen: Theologische Implikationen eines Lebens mit subjektsimulierenden Maschinen am Beispiel des Unterhaltungsroboters Aibo , 2008 .

[9]  Trevor Pinch,et al.  How users and non-users matter , 2003 .

[10]  Johannes Weyer Die Kooperation menschlicher Akteure und nicht-menschlicher Agenten , 2006 .

[11]  P. Berger,et al.  Social Construction of Reality , 1991, The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society.

[12]  A. Schutz The Structures of the Life World , 1973 .

[13]  G. Lindemann Gesellschaftliche Grenzregime und soziale Differenzierung / Societal Border Regimes and Social Differentiation , 2009 .

[14]  Werner Rammert,et al.  Where the Action is: Distributed Agency between Humans, Machines, and Programs , 2008, Paradoxes of Interactivity.

[15]  Thomas Luckmann,et al.  On the Boundaries of the Social World , 1970 .

[16]  Martin Meister Soziale Koordination durch Boundary Objects am Beispiel des heterogenen Feldes der Servicerobotik , 2011 .

[17]  Bruce Edmonds,et al.  Socially Intelligent Agents: Creating Relationships With Computers And Robots , 2013 .

[18]  P. Berger,et al.  Reification and the Sociological Critique of Consciousness , 1965 .

[19]  Jörg R. Bergmann Haustiere als kommunikative Ressourcen , 1988 .

[20]  Joseph Weizenbaum,et al.  and Machine , 1977 .

[21]  G. Lindemann Die Akteure der funktional differenzierten Gesellschaft , 2011 .

[22]  B. Latour We Have Never Been Modern , 1991 .

[23]  H. Knoblauch,et al.  Communicative Constructivism and Mediatization , 2013 .

[24]  Michaela Pfadenhauer,et al.  Künstlich begleitet - Der Roboter als neuer bester Freund des Menschen? , 2014 .

[25]  Alexander Mehler Artifizielle Interaktivität. Eine semiotische Betrachtung , 2010 .

[26]  R. Hitzler Ist der Mensch ein Subjekt? Ist das Subjekt ein Mensch? Über Diskrepanzen zwischen Doxa und Episteme , 2014 .

[27]  A. Schutz,et al.  Der sinnhafte Aufbau der sozialen Welt : eine Einleitung in die verstehende Soziologie , 1932 .

[28]  Sherry Turkle,et al.  Evocative objects : things we think with , 2007 .

[29]  A. Schutz The phenomenology of the social world , 1967 .

[30]  Kerstin Dautenhahn,et al.  Socially intelligent robots: dimensions of human–robot interaction , 2007, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

[31]  Cecilio Angulo,et al.  Social Robot Paradigms: An Overview , 2009, IWANN.

[32]  Sherry Turkle,et al.  The second self: computers and the human spirit , 1984 .

[33]  A. Hepp Medienkultur als die Kultur mediatisierter Welten , 2011 .

[34]  Danny Miller Material Cultures: Why Some Things Matter , 1997 .

[35]  A. Krummheuer Interaktion mit virtuellen Agenten? Zur Aneignung eines ungewohnten Artefakts , 2010 .

[36]  Cynthia Breazeal,et al.  Toward sociable robots , 2003, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[37]  H. Knoblauch Grundbegriffe und Aufgaben des kommunikativen Konstruktivismus1 , 2013 .

[38]  Ronald Hitzler,et al.  Von der Lebenswelt zu den Erlebniswelten Ein phänomenologischer Weg in soziologische Gegenwartsfragen , 2008 .

[39]  Darren Reed,et al.  Towards a Sociological Understanding of Robots as Companions , 2010, HRPR.

[40]  Illah R. Nourbakhsh,et al.  A survey of socially interactive robots , 2003, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[41]  Cynthia Breazeal,et al.  Socially intelligent robots: research, development, and applications , 2001, 2001 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. e-Systems and e-Man for Cybernetics in Cyberspace (Cat.No.01CH37236).

[42]  Batya Friedman,et al.  Robotic pets in the lives of preschool children , 2006 .

[43]  M. Tomasello Origins of human communication , 2008 .

[44]  Der PC als Interaktionspartner , 1989 .

[45]  Sherry Turkle,et al.  Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other , 2011 .

[46]  Glenda Cook,et al.  Emotional Robots: Principles and Experiences with Paro in Denmark, Germany, and the UK , 2013 .

[47]  Gerald Echterhoff,et al.  "Social Robotics" und Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion: Aktuelle Forschung und Relevanz für die Sozialpsychologie , 2006 .

[48]  Madeleine Akrich,et al.  A Summary of a Convenient Vocabulary for the Semiotics of Human and Nonhuman Assemblies , 1992 .

[49]  Lucy Suchman Plans and situated actions: the problem of human-machine communication , 1987 .

[50]  Monika Knopf,et al.  Evidence and deployment-based research into care for the elderly using emotional robots: Psychological, methodological and cross-cultural facets. , 2013 .

[51]  A. M. Turing,et al.  Computing Machinery and Intelligence , 1950, The Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence.

[52]  N. Oudshoorn,et al.  How Users Matter: The Co-Construction of Users and Technology (Inside Technology) , 2003 .

[53]  Lucy A. Suchman,et al.  Plans and Situated Actions: The Problem of Human-Machine Communication (Learning in Doing: Social, , 1987 .