The Effects of 6 Weeks of Resistance Training on the Gut Microbiome and Cardiometabolic Health in Young Adults with Overweight and Obesity

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a known risk factor for the development of insulin resistance and other cardiometabolic disorders. Recently, the gut microbiome has been associated with obesity and subsequent health complications. Exercise has been regularly utilized as a therapeutic intervention to treat obesity and its associated comorbidities. This study aimed to examine the effects of resistance training exercise (RT) on the diversity, composition, and metabolic pathways of the gut microbiome. METHODS: Sedentary young adults (age 18-35 years) with overweight and obesity (BMI 25-45 kg/m2) were recruited to participate in this randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomized into 1 of 2 groups: RT (n=16), a 6-week resistance training program (3 days/week), or control (CT) (n=16), a non-exercising control. Main outcomes of the study included gut microbiome measures (composition, diversity, and pathways) and cardiometabolic outcomes (blood pressure and glucoregulation). RESULTS: Notable findings include an increased abundance of Roseburia genus, a SCFA producer, and microbial starch and sucrose metabolism pathway over 6 weeks with RT in comparison to CT (group x week, p<0.05, q<0.25). Moreover, RT resulted in higher QUICKI and lower diastolic blood pressure at W6 compared to CT (BL-adjusted p<0.05). Correlation analyses demonstrate a trend for a moderately positive correlation of Roseburia with QUICKI (r=0.48, p<0.1) in the RT group at W6. CONCLUSION: This study provides preliminary evidence that resistance training induces positive changes in the gut microbiome and cardiometabolic health. Additionally, the microbiome-glucoregulation associations suggest the potential involvement of the microbiome in host glucoregulation which could have important clinical implications.

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