From the Internet of Information to the Internet of Intelligence

In the era of the Internet of information, we have gone through layering, cross-layer, and cross-system design paradigms. Recently, the ``curse of modeling" and ``curse of dimensionality" of the cross-system design paradigm have resulted in the popularity of using artificial intelligence (AI) to optimize the Internet of information. However, many significant research challenges remain to be addressed for the AI approach, including the lack of high-quality training data due to privacy and resources constraints in this data-driven approach. To address these challenges, we need to take a look at humans' cooperation in a larger time scale. To facilitate cooperation in modern history, we have built three major technologies: ``grid of transportation", ``grid of energy", and ``the Internet of information". In this paper, we argue that the next cooperation paradigm could be the ``Internet of intelligence (Intelligence-Net)", where intelligence can be easily obtained like energy and information, enabled by the recent advances in blockchain technology. We present some recent advances in these areas, and discuss some open issues and challenges that need to be addressed in the future.

[1]  M. Motani,et al.  Cross-layer design: a survey and the road ahead , 2005, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[2]  Franco Nori,et al.  Colloquium: The physics of Maxwell's demon and information , 2007, 0707.3400.

[3]  Fotis Foukalas,et al.  Cross-layer design proposals for wireless mobile networks: a survey and taxonomy , 2008, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[4]  F. Richard Yu,et al.  An Integrated Framework for Software Defined Networking, Caching, and Computing , 2017, IEEE Network.

[5]  Bo Fu,et al.  A Survey of Cross-Layer Designs in Wireless Networks , 2014, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[6]  Qianbin Chen,et al.  Integration of Networking, Caching, and Computing in Wireless Systems: A Survey, Some Research Issues, and Challenges , 2018, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[7]  Michael I. Jordan,et al.  Machine learning: Trends, perspectives, and prospects , 2015, Science.

[8]  F. Richard Yu,et al.  Integrated Networking, Caching, and Computing , 2018 .

[9]  M. Iansiti,et al.  The Truth about Blockchain , 2017 .

[10]  Patrick Crowley,et al.  Named data networking , 2014, CCRV.

[11]  Hussein T. Mouftah,et al.  A Survey on Cross-Layer Quality-of-Service Approaches in WSNs for Delay and Reliability-Aware Applications , 2016, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[12]  E. Lutz,et al.  Experimental verification of Landauer’s principle linking information and thermodynamics , 2012, Nature.

[13]  A. Robert Calderbank,et al.  Layering as Optimization Decomposition: A Mathematical Theory of Network Architectures , 2007, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[14]  Dirk Lindebaum.  Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind - A Review , 2015 .

[15]  Richard S. Sutton,et al.  Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction , 1998, IEEE Trans. Neural Networks.