Third-Person Effect, Optimistic Bias, and Sufficiency Resource in Internet Use

This study examined the third-person effect and the optimistic bias in Internet communication and to what degree sufficiency resource affected the third-person effect and the optimistic bias. Findings demonstrated the third-person effect and the optimistic bias prevalent in traditional media use were also apparent in Internet communication but vary in their relationships with sufficiency resources and other predicting factors. There was a positive relationship between the third-person effect and the optimistic bias involving others. Two indicators of sufficiency resource, computer skill and computer knowledge, and perceived protection ability were significant predictors of the optimistic bias but not that of the third-person effect. Activeness in Internet use was positively predicted by computer knowledge and perceived benefit.

[1]  William P. Eveland,et al.  Rethinking the Social Distance Corollary , 1999 .

[2]  Ron Tamborini,et al.  Third-Person Effect and Internet Pornography: The Influence of Collectivism and Internet Self-Efficacy , 2005 .

[3]  Stephen A. Banning.  Do You See What I See?: Third-Person Effects on Public Communication Through Self-Esteem, Social Stigma, and Product Use , 2001 .

[4]  Marie Helweg-Larsen,et al.  Do Moderators of the Optimistic Bias Affect Personal or Target Risk Estimates? A Review of the Literature , 2001 .

[5]  J. Peter,et al.  Third-Person Perception of Television-Viewing Behavior. , 2000 .

[6]  L. Bauman,et al.  Misperception Among Gay Men of the Risk for AIDS Associated with Their Sexual Behavior1 , 1987 .

[7]  Albert C. Gunther,et al.  Overrating the X‐Rating: The Third‐Person Perception and Support for Censorship of Pornography , 1995 .

[8]  Stephen D. Perry,et al.  Student Instant Message Use in a Ubiquitous Computing Environment: Effects of Deficient Self-Regulation , 2004 .

[9]  Hugh M. Culbertson,et al.  “Media Malaise”: Explaining Personal Optimism and Societal Pessimism About Health Care , 1985 .

[10]  An analysis of the factors affecting the adoption of the Internet in the UK retail sector , 2003 .

[11]  Charles T. Salmon,et al.  THE ‘OTHER’ AS THE VULNERABLE VOTER: A STUDY OF THE THIRD-PERSON EFFECT IN THE 1988 U.S. PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN , 1990 .

[12]  T. Tyler,et al.  The mass media and judgments of risk: Distinguishing impact on personal and societal level judgments. , 1984 .

[13]  Esther Thorson,et al.  Perceived Persuasive Effects of Product Commercials and Public Service Announcements , 1992 .

[14]  John R. Barrows,et al.  Internet Use and Collegiate Academic Performance Decrements: Early Findings , 2001 .

[15]  P. Harris,et al.  Give ‘Em Enough Rope: Perception of Health and Safety Risks in Bungee Jumpers , 1996 .

[16]  Cara Peters,et al.  Web‐Based Chatting: Consumer Communication in Cyberspace , 2003 .

[17]  Jakob D. Jensen,et al.  Third‐Person Effects and the Environment: Social Distance, Social Desirability, and Presumed Behavior , 2005 .

[18]  M. Salwen,et al.  News of Y2K and Experiencing Y2K: Exploring the Relationship Between the Third-Person Effect and Optimistic Bias , 2003 .

[19]  Peter R. Harris,et al.  Sufficient grounds for optimism? The relationship between perceived controllability and optimistic bias , 1996 .

[20]  Ven-Hwei Lo,et al.  Exposure to Internet Pornography and Taiwanese Adolescents' Sexual Attitudes and Behavior , 2005 .

[21]  Elihu Katz,et al.  Public opinion and the communication of consent , 1995 .

[22]  Miriam J. Metzger,et al.  Internet use in the contemporary media environment. , 2001 .

[23]  June A. Flora,et al.  Third-Person Perception and Children , 1999 .

[24]  Richard M. Perloff,et al.  THIRD-PERSON EFFECT RESEARCH 1983–1992: A REVIEW AND SYNTHESIS , 1993 .

[25]  Dhavan V. Shah,et al.  Susceptibility and Severity , 1999 .

[26]  A. Rubin,et al.  Predictors of Internet Use , 2000 .

[27]  William J. Brown,et al.  Differences in Univariate Values versus Multivariate Relationships: Findings from a Study of Diana, Princess of Wales. , 2002 .

[28]  J. Chapin.  Third-Person Perception and Sexual Risk Taking Among Minority `At-Risk' Youth , 1999 .

[29]  William P. Eveland,et al.  Support for Censorship of Violent and Misogynic Rap Lyrics , 1997 .

[30]  Diana C. Mutz,et al.  PERCEIVED IMPACT OF DEFAMATION AN EXPERIMENT ON THIRD-PERSON EFFECTS , 1988 .

[31]  J. V. Wood,et al.  It Could Be Worse: Selective Evaluation as a Response to Victimization , 1983 .

[32]  J. Lambe,et al.  Understanding Third‐Person Perception Processes: Predicting Perceived Impact on Self and Others for Multiple Expressive Contexts , 2005 .

[33]  Thomas J. Johnson,et al.  Online and in the Know: Uses and Gratifications of the Web for Political Information , 2002 .

[34]  Ron Leone.  Offense and Harm as Predictors in a Third-Person Effect Variation Study. , 2001 .

[35]  Carolyn A. Lin.  Audience Attributes, Media Supplementation, and Likely Online Service Adoption , 2001 .

[36]  R. LaRose,et al.  A Social Cognitive Theory of Internet Uses and Gratifications: Toward a New Model of Media Attendance , 2004 .

[37]  David J. Atkin,et al.  Understanding internet adoption as telecommunications behavior , 1998 .

[38]  J. Bargh,et al.  The psychology of action : linking cognition and motivation to behavior , 1999 .

[39]  Albert C. Gunther,et al.  Biased Optimism and the Third-Person Effect , 1993 .

[40]  N. Weinstein.  Unrealistic optimism about future life events , 1980 .

[41]  W. Davison.  The Third-Person Effect in Communication , 1983 .

[42]  Dhavan V. Shah,et al.  "Connecting" and "Disconnecting" With Civic Life: Patterns of Internet Use and the Production of Social Capital , 2001 .

[43]  Jeremy Cohen,et al.  Third-Person Effects and the Differential Impact in Negative Political Advertising , 1991 .

[44]  John R. Chapin,et al.  Third-Person Perception and Optimistic Bias Among Urban Minority At-Risk Youth , 2000, Commun. Res..

[45]  Paul D. Driscoll,et al.  Consequences of third‐person perception in support of press restrictions in the O. J. Simpson trial , 1997 .

[46]  S. Chaiken,et al.  Dual-process theories in social psychology , 1999 .

[47]  S. Chaiken,et al.  The psychology of attitudes. , 1993 .

[48]  M. Salwen.  Perceptions of Media Influence and Support for Censorship , 1998 .

[49]  Kevin Durkin,et al.  The third person effect: Social distance and perceived media bias , 1995 .

[50]  Hans-Bernd Brosius,et al.  THE CAUSES OF THIRD-PERSON EFFECTS: UNREALISTIC OPTIMISM, IMPERSONAL IMPACT, OR GENERALIZED NEGATIVE ATTITUDES TOWARDS MEDIA INFLUENCE? , 1996 .