Exact solutions of a negative matrix AKNS system with a Hermitian symmetric space

Abstract Based on a 4 × 4 matrix Lax pair, we propose a negative matrix AKNS system with a Hermitian symmetric space. A Darboux transformation is constructed by setting a restrictive condition and using the loop group method. The restrictive condition can guarantee the evolution relations of the potential matrices. Using this Darboux transformation and different seed solutions and free parameters, we obtain different types of spatial–temporal distribution structures for various explicit solutions of the negative matrix AKNS system with a Hermitian symmetric space, including the rogue wave, Ma breather, the interaction of two Ma breathers, and parabolic-type soliton solutions.