Isolation of Platelet Membranes. A Review

Adherence and aggregation of platelets are essential steps in hemostasis. Both processes are membrane mediated phenomena and much interest has been raised in the composition and function of the platelet plasma membrane. Specific membrane glycoproteins have been identified, (Jenkins 1976, Barber 1971 a, Okumura 1976a, b, Solum 1977) a number of specific transport processes have been described (Sixma 1973, 1976) and several substances have been used as membrane probes under various conditions (Phillips 1972, Gates 1975, Rittenhouse 1976, Lovette 1976). Several investigators have tried to isolate plasma membranes without contamination with cell organelles but this appeared to be difficult. Platelets are very labile cells that have a tendency to react explosively to exogenous stimuli. The intracellular organelles appear to be also rather labile. An optimal preparation of plasma membranes should contain all plasma membranes of the cell in their original state without contamination. This is obviously impossible but it is the object to be pursued. Changes of membranes should be avoided. Due attention should therefore be paid to platelet isolation. Contamination with membranes of cell organelles can be prevented by using optimal homogenization procedures. A good membrane isolation procedure is required for further purification. The use of good markers for various organelles is essential in following the homogenization and fractionation.

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