Performance of the RSNI‐Picker

Online Material: Tables of information regarding the parameters used in the automatic picking procedure; figures illustrating the quality of picks. The vast volumes of seismic data being recorded by both permanent and temporary networks operating all over the world provide exciting opportunities for studying the Earth’s interior and earthquake source characteristics. As a result, the development of efficient computer algorithms and procedures capable of automatically extracting and processing such long streams of data is one of the most challenging issues facing modern seismological research. Valoroso et al. (2013) obtained an extraordinary degree of detail in the anatomy of the normal‐fault system of the l’Aquila earthquake after processing around 64,000 aftershocks (extracted, picked, and located) via an automated procedure. Spectral analysis of K‐NET and KiK‐net data in Japan was carried out by Oth et al. (2011) on the basis of more than 67,000 records analyzed via an automated procedure that included phase picking, earthquake location, and coda identification. The key elements of any automatic procedure devoted to exploiting the full potential of travel‐time‐based methods such as earthquake location and seismic tomography are (1) arrival‐time determination, (2) quality assessment, and (3) outlier detection. In recent decades, several new automatic picking algorithms have been developed, with the aim of processing large amounts of data for (near‐) real‐time seismic signal analysis. These algorithms are generally classified according to the adopted phase‐detection scheme: (1) short term average to long term average ratio (STA/LTA)‐based algorithms (Allen, 1978, 1982; Baer and Kradolfer, 1987; Lomax et al. , 2012), (2) autoregressive methods (Leonard and Kennet, 1999; Sleeman and van Eck, 1999; Leonard, 2000; Kuperkoch et al. , 2012), (3) Akaike information criterion (AIC; Akaike, 1974)‐based algorithms (Maeda, 1985; Turino et al. , 2010), (4) methods based on neural networks (Dai and MacBeth, 1995; Zhao and Takano, 1999; Gentili and Michelini, 2006 …

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