The parietal lobe as an additional motor area. The motor effects of electrical stimulation and ablation of cortical areas 5 and 7 in monkeys

Patients having destructive lesions of the precentral motor cortex (area 4) due to tumor, degenerative processes, or surgical excision always retain a considerable amount of useful movement of the contralateral extremities. However, the ability to perform delicate and fine movements is lost when the precentral motor cortex is destroyed, the remaining movements being more gross and usually confined to the more proximal portions of the extremities. The cerebral origin of such movements may be the remaining cortex of the contralateral or ipsilateral hemisphere or perhaps may be subcortical. I n recent years, several additional, second, or supplementary motor areas have been described or re-discovered in higher mammals including man ; these represent cortical areas other than the precentral gyrus from ~ d ~ i c h movements of either the opposite or the ipsilateral extremities, o r both, may he obtained by electrical stimulation. I n addition to thciisynergistic action in producing movements from an intact hemisphere, it is possible that these second motor areas take over to some extent the motor functions when the precentral motor cortex is destroyed. Such considerations prompted the present investigation into the possible motor functions of that part of the parietal lobe behind the postcentral gyrus (areas

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