Die Zwei-Bündel-Technik – eine anatomische Rekonstruktion des vorderen Kreuzbandes

ZusammenfassungOperationszielVerbesserung der Rotationsstabilität des Kniegelenks durch anatomische Rekonstruktion des vorderen Kreuzbandes in der sog. Zwei-Bündel-Technik. Die funktionellen Bündel werden aus den gedoppelten Sehnen des Musculus semitendinosus und Musculus gracilis wiederhergestellt. Die Fixierung erfolgt gelenknah mit bioresorbierbaren Interferenzschrauben.IndikationenVordere Kreuzbandruptur mit positivem Lachman-Zeichen und Pivot-Shift.KontraindikationenOffene Wachstumsfugen.Arthrose > Grad 1 nach Jäger & Wirth.Alter ≥ 50 Jahre ohne sportlichen Anspruch (relative Kontraindikation).OperationstechnikEntnahme der Sehnen des Musculus semitendinosus und Musculus gracilis über 3 cm langen Hautschnitt parallel zum Pes anserinus. Doppelung und Armierung der Sehnen mit Fäden. Arthroskopie, Resektion der Kreuzbandstümpfe und Darstellung der Insertionsstellen. Anlage der Bohrkanäle mit Hilfe von Zielgeräten in der Reihenfolge: tibial posterolateral, tibial anteromedial, femoral anteromedial (in transtibialer Technik oder über anteromediales Portal in 120° Beugung), femoral posterolateral (über zusätzlichen medialen Zugang). Einzug des anteromedialen (Semitendinosussehne) und posterolateralen Bündels (Grazilissehne), Fixierung des Transplantats in 10° Beugung (posterolateral) und 45° Beugung (anteromedial) mit bioresorbierbaren Interferenzschrauben.WeiterbehandlungSchwellungsabhängige Teilbelastung des operierten Beins bei freiem Bewegungsumfang für 2 Wochen. Wiederaufnahme von sportartspezifischer Tätigkeit nach 6 Monaten, Kontaktsport nach 9 Monaten erlaubt.ErgebnisseZwischen Mai 2004 und Juni 2005 wurden 19 Patienten (13 männlich, sechs weiblich, Durchschnittsalter 31 Jahre [18–48 Jahre]) mit isolierter Ruptur des vorderen Kreuzbandes in der Zwei-Bündel-Technik behandelt. Klinische Nachuntersuchung im Mittel 21,3 Monate (16–30 Monate) postoperativ. Der Lysholm-Score konnte von durchschnittlich 65,2 auf 94,5 Punkte (75–100 Punkte) verbessert werden. Im IKDC-Score (International Knee Documentation Committee) kam es in den relevanten Untergruppen Beweglichkeit, Erguss und Bandstabilität zu neun sehr guten und zehn guten Ergebnissen. Der Schubladentest mit dem KT-1000-Messinstrument erbrachte bei 134 N Zug eine vermehrte Translation im Vergleich zur Gegenseite von durchschnittlich 1,8 mm (–2 bis 5 mm).AbstractObjectiveTo improve the rotational stability of the knee by anatomic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament by socalled double-bundle technique using anteromedial and posterolateral grafts from native semitendinosus and gracilis. The grafts are fixed with bioabsorbable screws utilizing aperture fixation.IndicationsComplete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament with positive Lachman sign and pivot shift.ContraindicationsOpen growth plate.Osteoarthritis > grade 1 according to Jäger & Wirth.Age ≥ 50 years with low sports activity (relative contraindication).Surgical TechniqueGraft harvest of the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons via a 3-cm horizontal skin incision parallel to pes anserinus and preparation of the tendons as double-looped grafts. Arthroscopy, resection of the stump of the anterior cruciate ligament, and clearance of its origin and insertion. Tunnel placement by means of aiming devices in the following order: tibial posterolateral, tibial anteromedial, femoral anteromedial (transtibial or via the anteromedial portal in 120° flexion), and femoral posterolateral (via additional medial arthroscopic portal). The anteromedial (semitendinosus tendon) and posterolateral (gracilis tendon) bundles are passed through the tunnels and fixed on the femoral side. Tibial fixation of the graft by bioresorbable interference screw with knee flexion of 45° (anteromedial) and 10° (posterolateral).Postoperative ManagementDepending on the degree of swelling, rehabilitation with partial weight bearing for 14 days and full range of motion. Return to sports after 6 months, no contact sports until 9 months.ResultsFrom May 2004 to June 2005, anatomic double-bundle reconstruction was performed in 19 patients (13 male, six female, average age 31 years [18–48 years]) with isolated anterior cruciate ligament rupture without concomitant lesions. Clinical follow-up examination on average at 21.3 months (16–30 months) postoperatively. The Lysholm Score improved from an average of 65.2 to 94.5 points (75–100 points). The IKDC (International Knee Documentation Committee) Score yielded nine very good and ten good results in the relevant subgroups of motion, effusion and ligament stability. Measurement of anteroposterior translation with the KT-1000 instrument at 134 N showed increased translation of 1.8 mm (–2 to 5 mm) compared to the contralateral knee.

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