Myopia and peripheral ocular aberrations.

We measured wave aberrations over the central 42 degrees x 32 degrees visual field for a 5-mm pupil for groups of 10 emmetropic (mean spherical equivalent = 0.11 +/- 0.50 D) and 9 myopic (MSE = -3.67 +/- 1.91 D) young adults. Relative peripheral refractive errors over the measured field were generally myopic in both groups. Mean values of C(4)(0) were almost constant across the measured field and were more positive in emmetropes (+0.023 +/- 0.043 microm) than in myopes (-0.007 +/- 0.045 microm). Coma varied more rapidly with field angle in myopes: modeling suggested that this difference reflected the differences in mean anterior corneal shape and axial length in the two groups. In general, however, overall levels of RMS aberration differed only modestly between the two groups, implying that it is unlikely that high levels of aberration contribute to myopia development.

[1]  A. Bradley,et al.  Relationship between Refractive Error and Monochromatic Aberrations of the Eye , 2003, Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry.

[2]  Jörgen Gustafsson,et al.  Off-axis wave front measurements for optical correction in eccentric viewing. , 2005, Journal of biomedical optics.

[3]  Ankit Mathur,et al.  Ocular aberrations in the peripheral visual field. , 2008, Optics letters.

[4]  W N Charman,et al.  Aberrations and myopia , 2005, Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians.

[5]  D. Williams,et al.  Monochromatic aberrations of the human eye in a large population. , 2001, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[6]  F. Schaeffel,et al.  Local Changes in Eye Growth induced by Imposed Local Refractive Error despite Active Accommodation , 1997, Vision Research.

[7]  Pablo Artal,et al.  Peripheral optical errors and their change with accommodation differ between emmetropic and myopic eyes. , 2009, Journal of vision.

[8]  Thomas T. Norton,et al.  Animal Models of Myopia: Learning How Vision Controls the Size of the Eye. , 1999, ILAR journal.

[9]  George Smith,et al.  Age-related changes in optical and biometric characteristics of emmetropic eyes. , 2008, Journal of vision.

[10]  M. Petró‐Turza,et al.  The International Organization for Standardization. , 2003 .

[11]  F. Alan Andersen,et al.  The American National Standards Institute , 1984, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine.

[12]  W Neil Charman,et al.  Measuring ocular aberrations in the peripheral visual field using Hartmann-Shack aberrometry. , 2007, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[13]  D. Mutti,et al.  Refractive error, axial length, and relative peripheral refractive error before and after the onset of myopia. , 2007, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[14]  H. Lipschutz.  MYOPIA AND NEARWORK , 1935, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[15]  Earl L. Smith,et al.  Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys. , 2005, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[16]  Dion H Scott,et al.  Monochromatic aberrations of human eyes in the horizontal visual field. , 2002, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[17]  N A Brennan,et al.  Anatomically accurate, finite model eye for optical modeling. , 1997, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[18]  R Navarro,et al.  Monochromatic aberrations and point-spread functions of the human eye across the visual field. , 1998, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[19]  Sergio Barbero,et al.  Myopic versus hyperopic eyes: axial length, corneal shape and optical aberrations. , 2004, Journal of vision.

[20]  Earl L. Smith,et al.  Optically Imposed Hyperopic Defocus in the Periphery Can Produce Central Axial Myopia in Infant Monkeys , 2007 .

[21]  S. Saw,et al.  Refractive error and monochromatic aberrations in Singaporean children , 2002, Vision Research.

[22]  D. Atchison,et al.  Shape of the retinal surface in emmetropia and myopia. , 2005, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[23]  David A. Atchison,et al.  Peripheral refraction along the horizontal and vertical visual fields in myopia , 2006, Vision Research.

[24]  R. Navarro,et al.  Accommodation-dependent model of the human eye with aspherics. , 1985, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[25]  Habib Hamam,et al.  Objective Measurement of Optical Aberrations in Myopic Eyes , 2002, Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry.

[26]  C. Wildsoet,et al.  Active emmetropization--evidence for its existence and ramifications for clinical practice. , 1997, Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians.

[27]  D. Atchison.  Optical models for human myopic eyes , 2006, Vision Research.

[28]  Pablo Artal,et al.  Off-axis monochromatic aberrations estimated from double pass measurements in the human eye , 1999, Vision Research.

[29]  Hema Radhakrishnan,et al.  Peripheral refraction for distance and near vision in emmetropes and myopes , 2007, Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians.

[30]  D. Mutti,et al.  Peripheral refraction and ocular shape in children. , 2000, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[31]  M Millodot,et al.  Effect of Ametropia on Peripheral Refraction , 1981, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[32]  Vincent Toal,et al.  Population study of the variation in monochromatic aberrations of the normal human eye over the central visual field. , 2007, Optics express.

[33]  F Rempt,et al.  Acquired myopia in young pilots. , 1971, Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde.

[34]  David A. Atchison,et al.  Influence of age on peripheral refraction , 2005, Vision Research.

[35]  Richard Held,et al.  Wavefront aberrations in eyes of emmetropic and moderately myopic school children and young adults , 2002, Vision Research.

[36]  David Coats,et al.  Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia. , 2007, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[37]  Pablo Artal,et al.  Peripheral refractive errors in myopic, emmetropic, and hyperopic young subjects. , 2002, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[38]  David A Atchison.  Higher order aberrations across the horizontal visual field. , 2006, Journal of biomedical optics.

[39]  David Zadok,et al.  Ocular higher‐order aberrations in myopia and skiascopic wavefront repeatability , 2005, Journal of cataract and refractive surgery.

[40]  R. Stone,et al.  Ocular shape and myopia. , 2004, Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore.

[41]  Leo G. Carney,et al.  Near work induced wavefront aberrations in myopia , 2005, Vision Research.

[42]  David A. Atchison,et al.  Neural and optical limits to visual performance in myopia , 2006, Vision Research.