Landscape justice: creating stakeholders’ rights and responsibilities in utilizing and managing conservation forests in jeneberang watershed upstream

The government has organized state forest areas to be managed with specific management objectives, so that forest ecosystem services can be produced sustainably. On the other hand, this arrangement limits the access of local communities whose livelihoods depend on the forest. The dynamics of land use change in conservation forest areas due to pressure from local communities and non-forestry sectors have, over the past ten years, led to environmental problems such as: forest degradation, water crisis, floods and droughts, and erosion. This paper examines the concept of sovereignty and the concept of forest tenure as principles of creating rights and responsibilities in relation to sustainable and equitable forest utilization and management. This is particularly important in the context of developing forest governance based on landscape justice. This paper recommends the reconstruction of forest landuse, from a fractional basis to a landscape-based watershed area.