Effects of measurement and parameter uncertainties on the power transfer distribution factors

This paper investigates the effects of measurement and parameter errors on the calculation of power transfer distribution factors (PTDFs). Calculation of PTDFs depends mainly on two factors: the operating conditions and the network topology. Both of these factors change in real-time and are monitored through the use of a state estimator. The role of the state estimator in providing not only the state information but also the real-time network model is shown to influence power market operations via PTDF based decisions such as congestion management and pricing. IEEE 14 bus test system is used for the illustration of these influences.