The Iowa record-linkage study. III. Excess mortality among patients with 'functional' disorders.

Our investigation of the pattern of mortality among former inpatients in nine diagnostic groups was based on deaths found among 4,869 former inpatients of the University of Iowa Psychiatric Hospital, Iowa City, during a ten-year period. Comparisons were made with expected values based on a relevant Iowa control population. The first two years of follow-up was a period of great risk but not after. Excessive mortality from "unnatural" causes was found among patients of either sex with an affective disorder, schizophrenia, alcohol or other drug abuse, and personality disorders, among men with acute schizophrenia or neuroses, and among women with depressive neuroses. Women with acute schizophrenia or a psychophysiologic disorder or special symptom were at risk for a "natural" death. These findings confirm the risk of reduced life span that patients in all nine categories share.

[1]  D. Black,et al.  Excess mortality among psychiatric patients. The Iowa Record-Linkage Study. , 1985, JAMA.

[2]  A. Roy.  Suicide in depressives. , 1983, Comprehensive psychiatry.

[3]  H. Herrman,et al.  A record-linkage study of mortality and general hospital discharge in patients diagnosed as schizophrenic , 1983, Psychological Medicine.

[4]  H. Steinhausen,et al.  Follow-up studies of anorexia nervosa: a review of research findings , 1983, Psychological Medicine.

[5]  J. Boyd.  The increasing rate of suicide by firearms. , 1983, The New England journal of medicine.

[6]  J. Morrison.  Suicide in a psychiatric practice population. , 1982, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[7]  M. Eastwood,et al.  Mental illness and mortality. , 1982, Comprehensive psychiatry.

[8]  W. Coryell,et al.  Excess mortality in panic disorder. A comparison with primary unipolar depression. , 1982, Archives of general psychiatry.

[9]  N. Andreasen,et al.  The predictive value of adjustment disorders: a follow-up study. , 1982, The American journal of psychiatry.

[10]  N C Andreasen,et al.  Hemispheric asymmetries and schizophrenia. , 1982, The American journal of psychiatry.

[11]  J. Ramos-Brieva,et al.  The course of manic-depressive illness. A comparative study of bipolar I and bipolar II patients. , 1982, Journal of affective disorders.

[12]  W. Coryell.  Diagnosis-specific mortality. Primary unipolar depression and Briquet's syndrome (somatization disorder). , 1981, Archives of general psychiatry.

[13]  W. Coryell.  Obsessive‐compulsive Disorder and Primary Unipolar Depression: Comparisons of Background, Family History, Course, and Mortality , 1981, The Journal of nervous and mental disease.

[14]  M. Tsuang,et al.  Causes of Death in Schizophrenia and Manic-Depression , 1980, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[15]  M. Tsuang,et al.  Can ECT prevent premature death and suicide in 'schizoaffective' patients? , 1979, Journal of affective disorders.

[16]  A. Sims,et al.  The Pattern of Mortality in Severe Neuroses , 1978, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[17]  T. Rosenthal,et al.  The nosological status of neurotic depression: a prospective three- to four-year follow-up examination in light of the primary-secondary and unipolar-bipolar dichotomies. , 1978, Archives of general psychiatry.

[18]  K. Kupka.  International classification of diseases: ninth revision. , 1978, WHO chronicle.

[19]  E. Gunderson,et al.  Accident and assault deaths in the United States Navy: demography and preliminary interpretations. , 1977, Military medicine.

[20]  J. Stefánsson,et al.  HYSTERICAL NEUROSIS, CONVERSION TYPE: CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS , 1976, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[21]  H. Babigian,et al.  Suicide by persons with and without psychiatric contacts. , 1976, Archives of general psychiatry.

[22]  R E Kendell,et al.  The Concept of Disease and its Implications for Psychiatry , 1975, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[23]  G. Edwards,et al.  Alcoholics admitted to four hospitals in England. II. General and cause-specific mortality. , 1974, Quarterly journal of studies on alcohol.

[24]  B. Rorsman.  MORTALITY AMONG PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS , 1974, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[25]  S. Guze,et al.  Suicide and Primary Affective Disorders , 1970, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[26]  W. M. Millar,et al.  Mortality among Psychiatric Patients , 1970, Scottish medical journal.

[27]  C. Odoroff,et al.  The mortality experience of a population with psychiatric illness. , 1969, The American journal of psychiatry.

[28]  J. Haug,et al.  THE COURSE OF MANIC‐DEPRESSIVE PSYCHOSIS A follow up investigation of 215 patients , 1968, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[29]  D. Black,et al.  The Iowa record-linkage study. II. Excess mortality among patients with organic mental disorders. , 1985, Archives of general psychiatry.

[30]  D. Black,et al.  The Iowa Record-Linkage Study: I. Suicides and Accidental Deaths Among Psychiatric Patients , 1985 .