Switched-capacitor power-converter topology overview and performance comparison

Switched-capacitor power converters are interesting candidates to realize integrated power converters with acceptable power efficiencies. Depending on the input and output voltage ranges to be accommodated at a desired efficiency, certain voltage conversion ratio(s) need(s) to be implemented. Though the theoretical minimum number of floating capacitors to realize a desired voltage conversion ratio is known, how to actually synthesize the corresponding topologies and what impact these topologies have on circuit performance is less trivial. Besides two-clock-phase topologies, multiple-clock-phase topologies have recently been introduced. This paper gives an overview of various methods to implement desired voltage conversion ratios with two or multiple clock phases and compares their performance under given boundary conditions.

[1]  Michiel Steyaert,et al.  A Light-Load-Efficient 11/1 Switched-Capacitor DC-DC Converter With 94.7% Efficiency While Delivering 100 mW at 3.3 V , 2015, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[2]  Gerard Villar Pique,et al.  CMOS Integrated Switching Power Converters: A Structured Design Approach , 2011 .

[3]  M Wens,et al.  A Fully Integrated CMOS 800-mW Four-Phase Semiconstant ON/OFF-Time Step-Down Converter , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[4]  Chris H. Kim,et al.  Deep trench capacitor based step-up and step-down DC/DC converters in 32nm SOI with opportunistic current borrowing and fast DVFS capabilities , 2013, 2013 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC).

[5]  Gu-Yeon Wei,et al.  A Fully-Integrated 3-Level DC-DC Converter for Nanosecond-Scale DVFS , 2012, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[6]  Henk Jan Bergveld,et al.  Integration Trends in Monolithic Power ICs: Application and Technology Challenges , 2015, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[7]  Patrick P. Mercier,et al.  A Recursive Switched-Capacitor DC-DC Converter Achieving $2^{N}-1$ Ratios With High Efficiency Over a Wide Output Voltage Range , 2014, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[8]  S. Borkar,et al.  Review of On-Chip Inductor Structures With Magnetic Films , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[9]  Fabrice Paillet,et al.  FIVR — Fully integrated voltage regulators on 4th generation Intel® Core™ SoCs , 2014, 2014 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC 2014.

[10]  Vivek De Energy efficient computing in nanoscale CMOS: Challenges and opportunities , 2014, 2014 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC).

[11]  Tom Van Breussegem Monolithic Capacitive CMOS DC-DC Converters (Volledig geïntegreerde capacitieve CMOS DC-DC convertoren) , 2012 .

[12]  Patrick P. Mercier,et al.  A battery-connected 24-ratio switched capacitor PMIC achieving 95.5%-efficiency , 2015, 2015 Symposium on VLSI Circuits (VLSI Circuits).

[13]  Michael D. Seeman,et al.  Analysis and Optimization of Switched-Capacitor DC–DC Converters , 2008 .

[14]  Henk Jan Bergveld,et al.  Survey and Benchmark of Fully Integrated Switching Power Converters: Switched-Capacitor Versus Inductive Approach , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[15]  Ravi Karadi,et al.  A 65-nm-CMOS 100-MHz 87%-efficient DC-DC down converter based on dual-die system-in-package integration , 2009, 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

[16]  R. Harjani,et al.  A High-Efficiency DC–DC Converter Using 2 nH Integrated Inductors , 2008, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[17]  Po-Chiun Huang,et al.  A 1 V Input, 3 V-to-6 V Output, 58%-Efficient Integrated Charge Pump With a Hybrid Topology for Area Reduction and an Improved Efficiency by Using Parasitics , 2015, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[18]  Ravi Karadi Synthesis of switched-capacitor power converters: An iterative algorithm , 2015, 2015 IEEE 16th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL).

[19]  Jason T. Stauth,et al.  A 3-Phase Resonant Switched Capacitor Converter Delivering 7.7 W at 85% Efficiency Using 1.1 nH PCB Trace Inductors , 2015, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[20]  Rui Paulo Martins,et al.  20.4 A 123-phase DC-DC converter-ring with fast-DVS for microprocessors , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC) Digest of Technical Papers.

[21]  Ravi Karadi,et al.  4.8 3-phase 6/1 switched-capacitor DC-DC boost converter providing 16V at 7mA and 70.3% efficiency in 1.1mm3 , 2014, 2014 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference Digest of Technical Papers (ISSCC).

[22]  Ravi Karadi,et al.  A 1W 8-ratio switched-capacitor boost power converter in 140nm CMOS with 94.5% efficiency, 0.5mm thickness and 8.1mm2 PCB area , 2015, 2015 Symposium on VLSI Circuits (VLSI Circuits).

[23]  M. S. Makowski,et al.  Performance limits of switched-capacitor DC-DC converters , 1995, Proceedings of PESC '95 - Power Electronics Specialist Conference.

[24]  Cheng Huang,et al.  A 100 MHz 82.4% Efficiency Package-Bondwire Based Four-Phase Fully-Integrated Buck Converter With Flying Capacitor for Area Reduction , 2013, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[25]  Gerard Villar Pique,et al.  CMOS Integrated Switching Power Converters , 2011 .