Measuring Affective Advertising: Implications of Low Attention Processing on Recall

ABSTRACT This article is about affective advertising, defined as that which works more on our emotions and feelings than on our knowledge and beliefs. This sort of advertising can be processed effectively at relatively low levels of attention and as a result does not always perform well on recall measures. We compare the most popular recall-based metric—claimed advertising awareness—against an approach that deduces effectiveness from recognition and find claimed advertising awareness seriously underestimates the effectiveness of the advertising tested.

[1]  W. Scott The psychology of advertising , 1909 .

[2]  Daniel Starch,et al.  Principles of advertising , 1923 .

[3]  E. Strong,et al.  Theories of selling. , 1925 .

[4]  R. Reeves,et al.  Reality in Advertising , 1961 .

[5]  Darrell Blaine Lucas,et al.  Measuring advertising effectiveness. , 1963 .

[6]  H. E. Krugman THE IMPACT OF TELEVISION ADVERTISING: LEARNING WITHOUT INVOLVEMENT , 1965 .

[7]  L. Standing Learning 10000 pictures , 1973 .

[8]  L. Standing Learning 10,000 pictures. , 1973, The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology.

[9]  W. R. George A Marketing Management Strategy. , 1976 .

[10]  Arthur S. Reber,et al.  Very long term memory for tacit knowledge , 1980, Cognition.

[11]  R. Zajonc Feeling and thinking : Preferences need no inferences , 1980 .

[12]  J. Cacioppo,et al.  Attitudes and Persuasion: Classic and Contemporary Approaches , 1981 .

[13]  Daniel L. Schacter,et al.  Priming effects in word-fragment completion are independent of recognition memory. , 1982 .

[14]  R. Zajonc On the primacy of affect. , 1984 .

[15]  Gordon Brown,et al.  Modelling advertising awareness , 1986 .

[16]  D. Schacter,et al.  When priming persists: Long-lasting implicit memory for a single episode in amnesic patients , 1987, Neuropsychologia.

[17]  R. Bornstein Exposure and affect: Overview and meta-analysis of research, 1968–1987. , 1989 .

[18]  E Tulving,et al.  Priming and human memory systems. , 1990, Science.

[19]  A. Parkin,et al.  Attention and recollective experience in recognition memory , 1990, Memory & cognition.

[20]  Z. Dienes,et al.  The relationship between implicit memory and implicit learning , 1991 .

[21]  E. Tulving,et al.  Long-lasting perceptual priming and semantic learning in amnesia: a case experiment. , 1991, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[22]  S. Rose The Making Of Memory , 1992 .

[23]  Andrew P. Yonelinas,et al.  Separating conscious and unconscious influences of memory: measuring recollection , 1993 .

[24]  E. D. Plessis,et al.  Recognition versus recall , 1994 .

[25]  J. Gabrieli,et al.  Perceptual and conceptual memory processes in global amnesia. , 1995 .

[26]  Leonard M. Lodish,et al.  How T.V. Advertising Works: A Meta-Analysis of 389 Real World Split Cable T.V. Advertising Experiments , 1995 .

[27]  Chandan J. Vaidya,et al.  Impaired priming on the general knowledge task in amnesia. , 1996 .

[28]  Joseph E LeDoux The emotional brain , 1996 .

[29]  J. Rossiter,et al.  Advertising communications & promotion management , 1997 .

[30]  D. MacInnis,et al.  The Effects of Incidental Ad Exposure on the Formation of Consideration Sets , 1997 .

[31]  A. Damasio The feeling of what happens , 2001 .

[32]  B. Shiv,et al.  Heart and Mind in Conflict: The Interplay of Affect and Cognition in Consumer Decision Making , 1999 .

[33]  Joan Meyers-Levy,et al.  Consumers' processing of persuasive advertisements: An integrative framework of persuasion theories , 1999 .

[34]  R. Heath Low involvement processing—a new model of brands and advertising , 2000 .

[35]  Do You Model Ad Awareness or Advertising Awareness? , 2000, Journal of Advertising Research.

[36]  Russell I. Haley,et al.  The ARF Copy Research Validity Project , 2000, Journal of Advertising Research.

[37]  H. E. Krugman Memory without Recall, Exposure without Perception , 2000, Journal of Advertising Research.

[38]  Persuasion, pride and prejudice: how ads work , 2000 .

[39]  R. Heath Low involvement processing - a new model of brand communication , 2001 .

[40]  Stewart Shapiro,et al.  Memory-Based Measures for Assessing Advertising Effects: A Comparison of Explicit and Implicit Memory Effects , 2001 .

[41]  John A. Bargh,et al.  Losing Consciousness: Automatic Influences on Consumer Judgment, Behavior, and Motivation , 2002 .

[42]  Patrick Stacey,et al.  Managing the Development Process in a Games Factory : A Temporal Perspective , 2004 .