Recovery opportunities, work – home interference, and well-being among managers

The present study addressed the associations among various indicators of effort expenditure at work and recovery opportunities (perceived job demands and job control, hours worked overtime, hours worked according to one's contract), work – home interference, and well-being (exhaustion and enjoyment) in a cross-sectional study among 117 male and 82 female managers. Drawing on effort-recovery theory, we expected that high job demands, low job control, a high number of hours worked overtime, and a full-time appointment would be associated with high levels of work – home interference, low levels of enjoyment, and high levels of exhaustion. Stepwise regression analysis largely supported the hypothesis that high job demands and low job control are associated with adverse work outcomes. However, the effects of the number of hours worked overtime and according to one's contract were usually weak and insignificant, suggesting that high effort expenditure does not necessarily have adverse health consequences.

[1]  M. Kompier,et al.  Work-home interaction from a work psychological perspective: Development and validation of a new questionnaire, the SWING , 2005 .

[2]  I.L.D. Houtman,et al.  Does Work–Home Interference mediate the relationship between workload and well-being? , 2003 .

[3]  P. Bongers,et al.  "The very best of the millennium": longitudinal research and the demand-control-(support) model. , 2003, Journal of occupational health psychology.

[4]  R. Barnett,et al.  Under What Conditions Do Long Work Hours Affect Psychological Distress? , 2002 .

[5]  A J van der Beek,et al.  The influence of work characteristics on the need for recovery and experienced health: a study on coach drivers. , 1999, Ergonomics.

[6]  Nicole Jansen,et al.  Need for recovery from work: evaluating short-term effects of working hours, patterns and schedules , 2003, Ergonomics.

[7]  J. Sluiter,et al.  The relation between work-induced neuroendocrine reactivity and recovery, subjective need for recovery, and health status. , 2001, Journal of psychosomatic research.

[8]  M. Kompier,et al.  JOB CHARACTERISTICS AND LEARNING BEHAVIOR: REVIEW AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS , 2004 .

[9]  S. Sonnentag.  Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior: a new look at the interface between nonwork and work. , 2003, The Journal of applied psychology.

[10]  Jeffrey H. Greenhaus,et al.  Sources and conflict between work and family roles. , 1985 .

[11]  Sabine A. E. Geurts,et al.  Toward a Dual-Process Model of Work-Home Interference , 2004 .

[12]  M. Doef,et al.  The Job Demand-Control (-Support) Model and psychological well-being: A review of 20 years of empirical research , 1999 .

[13]  Robert Karasek,et al.  Healthy Work : Stress, Productivity, and the Reconstruction of Working Life , 1990 .

[14]  T. Taris.  Reconsidering the relations between female employment and fertility: Having children, full-time, and part-time employment. , 1997 .

[15]  Debby G. J. Beckers,et al.  Working Overtime Hours: Relations with Fatigue, Work Motivation, and the Quality of Work , 2004, Journal of occupational and environmental medicine.

[16]  Dawn Lyon,et al.  Gender and Time at the Top , 2004 .

[17]  Linda K. Stroh,et al.  Working 61 plus hours a week: why do managers do it? , 2003, The Journal of applied psychology.

[18]  Toon W. Taris,et al.  The structure of occupational well-being: A study among Dutch teachers , 2004 .

[19]  J. Grzywacz,et al.  Demography , 1986, Prehistoric Fisherfolk of Oman: The Neolithic Village of Ras Al-Hamra RH-5.

[20]  I. Kant,et al.  Need for recovery after work and the subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease in a working population , 2003, Occupational and environmental medicine.

[21]  M. Kompier,et al.  Job characteristics and learning behavior , 2004 .

[22]  Jeffrey H. Greenhaus,et al.  Sources of Conflict Between Work and Family Roles , 1985 .

[23]  Paulien M Bongers,et al.  Different mechanisms to explain the reversed effects of mental health on work characteristics. , 2005, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[24]  B. Byrne.  Structural equation modeling with EQS : basic concepts, applications, and programming , 2000 .

[25]  W. Casper,et al.  Work and family research in IO/OB: Content analysis and review of the literature (1980–2002) , 2005 .

[26]  M. van der Hulst,et al.  Long workhours and health. , 2003 .

[27]  R. Brennan,et al.  Fit as a mediator of the relationship between work hours and burnout. , 1999, Journal of occupational health psychology.

[28]  S. Geurts,et al.  Associations between overtime and psychological health in high and low reward jobs , 2001 .

[29]  T. Meijman.  Psychological Aspects of Workload , 1998 .

[30]  Rosalind C. Barnett,et al.  Toward a review and reconceptualization of the work/family literature. , 1998 .

[31]  J. Sluiter,et al.  Need for recovery after work predicts sickness absence: a 2-year prospective cohort study in truck drivers. , 2003, Journal of psychosomatic research.

[32]  J. Sluiter,et al.  Need for recovery from work related fatigue and its role in the development and prediction of subjective health complaints , 2003, Occupational and environmental medicine.

[33]  J. Spence,et al.  Workaholism: definition, measurement, and preliminary results. , 1992, Journal of personality assessment.

[34]  Scott B. MacKenzie,et al.  Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. , 2003, The Journal of applied psychology.

[35]  S. Sonnentag,et al.  Work, recovery activities, and individual well-being: a diary study. , 2001, Journal of occupational health psychology.