Exercise and type 2 diabetes: American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: joint position statement. Exercise and type 2 diabetes.

Although physical activity (PA) is a key element in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), many with this chronic disease do not become or remain regularly active. High-quality studies establishing the importance of exercise and fitness in diabetes were lacking until recently, but it is now well established that participation in regular PA improves blood glucose control and can prevent or delay T2DM, along with positively affecting lipids, blood pressure, cardiovascular events, mortality, and quality of life. Structured interventions combining PA and modest weight loss have been shown to lower T2DM risk by up to 58% in high-risk populations. Most benefits of PA on diabetes management are realized through acute and chronic improvements in insulin action, accomplished with both aerobic and resistance training. The benefits of physical training are discussed, along with recommendations for varying activities, PA-associated blood glucose management, diabetes prevention, gestational diabetes, and safe and effective practices for PA with diabetes-related complications.

[1]  J. Shaw,et al.  Improved endothelial function following a 14-month resistance exercise training program in adults with type 2 diabetes. , 2008, Diabetes research and clinical practice.

[2]  M. Pletcher,et al.  Exercise Tolerance Testing To Screen for Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review for the Technical Support for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force , 2004, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[3]  M. Aubertin-Leheudre,et al.  No sustained effect of aerobic or resistance training on insulin sensitivity in nonobese, healthy older women. , 2005, Journal of aging and physical activity.

[4]  S. Shott,et al.  The effects of range-of-motion therapy on the plantar pressures of patients with diabetes mellitus. , 2002, Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association.

[5]  Robert Ross,et al.  Reduction in Obesity and Related Comorbid Conditions after Diet-Induced Weight Loss or Exercise-Induced Weight Loss in Men , 2000, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[6]  L. Sharples,et al.  Cost-effectiveness of functional cardiac testing in the diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease: a randomised controlled trial. The CECaT trial. , 2007, Health technology assessment.

[7]  P. García-Rovés,et al.  Prevention of glycogen supercompensation prolongs the increase in muscle GLUT4 after exercise. , 2003, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[8]  D. Coyle,et al.  Effects of Aerobic Training, Resistance Training, or Both on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes , 2007, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[9]  Steven Blair,et al.  Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Physical Inactivity as Predictors of Mortality in Men with Type 2 Diabetes , 2000, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[10]  R. Berria,et al.  Increased insulin receptor signaling and glycogen synthase activity contribute to the synergistic effect of exercise on insulin action. , 2003, Journal of applied physiology.

[11]  D. Ewing,et al.  Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy: Present Insights and Future Prospects , 1986, Diabetes Care.

[12]  David M Williams.  Exercise, affect, and adherence: an integrated model and a case for self-paced exercise. , 2008, Journal of sport & exercise psychology.

[13]  J. Manson,et al.  Physical Activity and Risk for Cardiovascular Events in Diabetic Women , 2001, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[14]  G. Kelley,et al.  Aerobic exercise and resting blood pressure in older adults: a meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials. , 2001, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[15]  J. Kampert,et al.  The Association between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Impaired Fasting Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Men , 1999, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[16]  A. Wagenmakers,et al.  Substrate utilization in non-obese Type II diabetic patients at rest and during exercise. , 2002, Clinical science.

[17]  U. P. S. T. Force.  Screening for Coronary Heart Disease: Recommendation Statement , 2004, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[18]  G. Kelley,et al.  Progressive resistance exercise and resting blood pressure : A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. , 2000, Hypertension.