Hypoxic neuropathy Does hypoxia play a role in diabetic neuropathy?

In this report I review: (1) the blood supply and endoneurial microenvironment of nerve; (2) the class, type, and spatial distribution of nerve fiber degeneration as a function of number, site, and class of vessels occluded; (3) the putative mechanisms of nerve hypoxia; and (4) the role of hypoxia in diabetic polyneuropathy.

[1]  P. Dyck,et al.  Necrotizing angiopathic neuropathy. Three-dimensional morphology of fiber degeneration related to sites of occluded vessels. , 1972, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[2]  H. Wiśniewski,et al.  Peripheral nerve ischemia Part 1. Experimental model , 1975, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[3]  P. Dyck,et al.  Fiber loss is primary and multifocal in sural nerves in diabetic polyneuropathy , 1986, Annals of neurology.

[4]  P. Dyck,et al.  Human diabetic endoneurial sorbitol, fructose, and myo‐inositol related to sural nerve morphometry , 1980, Annals of neurology.

[5]  P. Dyck,et al.  Prevention of some electrophysiologic and biochemical abnormalities with oxygen supplementation in experimental diabetic neuropathy. , 1984, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[6]  A. Asbury,et al.  Oculomotor palsy in diabetes mellitus: a clinico-pathological study. , 1970, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[7]  A. Eisen,et al.  Experimental ischemic myopathy. , 1974, Journal of the neurological sciences.

[8]  H. Schmid-schönbein,et al.  Red-cell aggregation and red-cell deformability in diabetes. , 1976, Diabetes.

[9]  J. Greenberg,et al.  Regional perfusion in normal and ischemic rat sciatic nerves , 1985, Annals of neurology.

[10]  D. Newell,et al.  Sensory nerve conduction in patients with diabetes mellitus and controls , 1961, Neurology.

[11]  P. Antignani,et al.  Results of clinical, laboratory and haemorheological investigations of the use of pentoxifylline in high doses. , 1987, Pharmatherapeutica.

[12]  R. Unger,et al.  Studies of muscle capillary basement membranes in normal subjects, diabetic, and prediabetic patients. , 1968, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[13]  P. Low,et al.  Experimental chronic hypoxic neuropathy: relevance to diabetic neuropathy. , 1986, The American journal of physiology.

[14]  A. Dasmahapatra,et al.  Sorbinil Partially Prevents Decreased Erythrocyte Deformability in Experimental Diabetes Mellitus , 1987, Diabetes.

[15]  S. Fagerberg.  Diabetic neuropathy: a clinical and histological study on the significance of vascular affections. , 1959, Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum.

[16]  S. Raptis,et al.  Red Blood Cell Deformability Index in Diabetic Retinopathy , 1987, Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme.

[17]  P J Dyck,et al.  Spatial pattern of nerve fiber abnormality indicative of pathologic mechanism. , 1984, The American journal of pathology.

[18]  D E McMillan,et al.  Further observations on serum viscosity changes in diabetes mellitus. , 1982, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[19]  P. Dyck.  Does improved control of glycemia prevent or ameliorate diabetic polyneuropathy? , 1986, Annals of neurology.

[20]  P. Dyck,et al.  Acute ischemia causes axonal stasis, swelling, attenuation, and secondary demyelination , 1987, Annals of neurology.

[21]  C. Raine,et al.  The perineurial window — a new model of focal demyelination and remyelination , 1975, Brain Research.

[22]  P. Dyck,et al.  Neovascularization after ischemic nerve injury , 1986, Experimental Neurology.

[23]  A. Windebank,et al.  Capillary number and percentage closed in human diabetic sural nerve. , 1985, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[24]  D. McMillan,et al.  Reduced Erythrocyte Deformability in Diabetes , 1978, Diabetes.

[25]  C. Servo,et al.  Myoinositol and function of peripheral nerves in human diabetics A CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL , 1978, Acta neurologica Scandinavica.

[26]  P. Low,et al.  Endoneurial blood flow and oxygen tension in the sciatic nerves of rats with experimental diabetic neuropathy. , 1984, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[27]  T. Dornan,et al.  Blood viscosity, glycaemic control and retinopathy in insulin-dependent diabetes. , 1982, Clinical science.

[28]  J. Stevens,et al.  Peripheral neuropathy in primary Sjögren's syndrome , 1989, Neurology.

[29]  P. Dyck,et al.  Abnormalities of endoneurial microvessels and sural nerve pathology in diabetic neuropathy , 1987, Neurology.

[30]  H. Moe,et al.  Light- and Electron-Microscopic Study of Skin Capillaries of Diabetics , 1961, Diabetes.

[31]  J. Dormandy,et al.  IS HYPERVISCOSITY A TREATABLE COMPONENT OF DIABETIC MICROCIRCULATORY DISEASE? , 1977, The Lancet.

[32]  A. Windebank,et al.  Acute hyperosmolar hyperglycemia causes axonal shrinkage and reduced nerve conduction velocity , 1981, Experimental Neurology.

[33]  T. Kamada,et al.  Higher Levels of Erythrocyte Membrane Microviscosity in Diabetes , 1979, Diabetes.

[34]  F. Buchthal,et al.  Nerve biopsy and conduction studies in diabetic neuropathy. , 1977, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[35]  H. S. Garven,et al.  The Digital Nerves and the Nerve Endings in Progressive Obliterative Vascular Disease of the Leg , 1960, Scottish medical journal.

[36]  G. Parry,et al.  Selective fiber vulnerability in acute ischemic neuropathy , 1982, Annals of neurology.

[37]  P. Dyck,et al.  The spatial distribution of fiber loss in diabetic polyneuropathy suggests ischemia , 1986, Annals of neurology.

[38]  M. Reim,et al.  Microcirculation and hemorheology of children with type I diabetes. , 1986, Klinische Wochenschrift.

[39]  H. Bohlen.  Tissue Po2 in the Intestinal Muscle Layer of Rats during Chronic Diabetes , 1983, Circulation research.

[40]  E. Abadie,et al.  Increased adhesion of erythrocytes to endothelial cells in diabetes mellitus and its relation to vascular complications. , 1981, The New England journal of medicine.

[41]  P. Dyck,et al.  Sural nerve myelin thickness and axis cylinder caliber in human diabetes , 1981, Neurology.

[42]  P. Low,et al.  Factors affecting the relative viability of centrifascicular and subperineurial axons in acute peripheral nerve ischemia , 1988, Experimental Neurology.

[43]  A. Cerami,et al.  Nonenzymatic glycosylation and the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. , 1984, Annals of internal medicine.

[44]  P. Dyck,et al.  Increase in albumin, IgG, and IgM blood-nerve barrier indices in human diabetic neuropathy. , 1988, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[45]  P. Dyck,et al.  IgM/IgG solid-phase antibody-capture assay with biotin/125I-streptavidin amplification: application to normal human sural nerve biopsies , 1988, Journal of Neuroimmunology.

[46]  K. Hess,et al.  Acute ischaemic neuropathy in the rabbit , 1979, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[47]  S. Pongor,et al.  Aging of proteins: isolation and identification of a fluorescent chromophore from the reaction of polypeptides with glucose. , 1984, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[48]  A. Asbury,et al.  Ischemic mononeuropathy multiplex associated with diabetes mellitus. , 1968, Archives of neurology.

[49]  P. Dyck,et al.  Quantitative method for detection of blood-nerve barrier alterations in experimental animal models of neuropathy , 1985, Experimental Neurology.

[50]  J. Greenberg,et al.  Enhanced 2-deoxyglucose incorporation in peripheral nerve during ischemia , 1987, Brain Research.

[51]  S. Hakim,et al.  Diabetic ophthalmoplegia; report of case, with postmortem study and comments on vascular supply of human oculomotor nerve. , 1957, A.M.A. archives of neurology and psychiatry.