Initial conditions for massive star birth–Infrared dark clouds

We summarize the properties of Infrared Dark Clouds, massive, dense, and cool aggregations of interstellar gas and dust that are found throughout the Galaxy in projection against the strong mid-infrared background. We describe their distribution and give an overview of their physical properties and chemistry. These objects appear to be the progenitors of high-mass stars and star clusters, but seem to be largely devoid of star formation, which however is taking place in localized spots.