When should stapes surgery be performed in children?

BACKGROUND The controversy regarding pediatric stapes surgery (SS) for congenital stapes footplate fixation (CSFF) or juvenile otosclerosis (JO) has been ongoing since the 1980s. The surgery, indications, and outcomes have been extensively examined in adults, but the literature for children is relatively limited. As parental and school awareness grows regarding hearing loss, and audiological screening becomes more prevalent, children with these disorders are more readily identified. Therefore, the decision about whether or not and when to treat stapes ankylosis in the pediatric population is a topic of debate.

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