The SUDS manual

Contents Executive Summary Introduction to this document 1 Introduction to SUDS 1.1 Sustainable drainage systems 1.2 Drivers for a shift to sustainable drainage 1.3 Sustainable drainage systems (SUDS) 1.4 References 2. Roles, responsibilities and regulation 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Surface water drainage stakeholders 2.3 Drainage and planning 2.4 The development process 2.5 Legislation and controls on surface water drainage 2.6 References 3. Design criteria 3.1 Introduction to design criteria 3.2 Hydraulic criteria 3.3 Water quality criteria 3.4 Amenity criteria 3.5 Ecology criteria 3.6 Sustainability principles 3.7 Summary of drainage criteria 3.8 References 4. Hydraulic design methods 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Greenfield runoff 4.3 Development runoff 4.4 Conveyance design 4.5 Storage design 4.6 Drainage system sizing: final assessment and modelling 4.7 Infiltration design 4.8 Drainage software: use and limitations 4.9 Downstream hydrologic assessment 4.10 References 5. SUDS selection 5.1 Introduction 5.2 SUDS selection criteria 5.3 Linking SUDS together to form a management train 5.4 The SUDS selection process. 5.5 References 6. Source control 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Site design techniques 6.3 Site management techniques 6.4 Green roofs 6.5 Soakaways 6.6 Water butts 6.7 Rainwater harvesting 6.8 References 7. Pre-treatment 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Sediment sumps 7.3 Hydrodynamic / vortex separators 7.4 Proprietary filtration systems 7.5 Catch basin modifications 7.6 Oil separators 7.7 Operation and maintenance requirements 7.8 Construction requirements 7.9 References 8. Filter strips 8.1 General description 8.2 Selection and siting of filter strips 8.3 Hydraulic and water quality design 8.4 Physical specifications 8.5 Pre-treatment / inlets 8.6 Outlets 8.7 Landscaping and vegetation 8.8 Operation and maintenance requirements 8.9 Construction requirements 8.10 References 9. Trenches 9.1 General description 9.2 Selection and siting of trenches 9.3 Hydraulic and water quality design 9.4 Physical specifications 9.5 Pre-treatment / inlets 9.6 Outlets 9.7 Landscaping and vegetation 9.8 Operation and maintenance requirements 9.9 Construction requirements 9.10 References 10. Swales 10.1 General description 10.2 Selection and siting of swales 10.3 Hydraulic and water quality design 10.4 Physical specifications Design for safety and maintenance 10.5 Check dams 10.6 Pre-treatment / inlets 10.7 Outlets 10.8 Landscaping and vegetation 10.9 Operation and maintenance requirements 10.10 Construction requirements 10.11 References 11. Bioretention 11.1 General description 11.2 Selection and siting of bioretention areas 11.3 Hydraulic and water quality design 11.4 Physical specifications 11.5 Pre-treatment / inlets 11.6 Outlets 11.7 Landscaping and vegetation 11.8 Operation and maintenance requirements 11.9 Construction requirements 11.10 References 12. Pervious pavements 12.1 General description 12.2 Selection and siting of pervious pavements 12.3 Pavement design 12.4 Pre-treatment / inlets 12.5 Outlets 12.6 Vegetation 12.7 Landscaping 12.8 Operation and maintenance requirements. 12.9 Construction requirements 12.10 References 13. Geocellular / modular systems 13.1 General description 13.2 Selection and siting of geocellular systems 13.3 Hydraulic and water quality design 13.4 Physical specifications 13.5 Materials / structural design 13.6 Pre-treatment / inlets 13.7 Outlets 13.8 Operation and maintenance requirements 13.9 Construction requirements 13.10 References 14. Sand filters 14.1 General description 14.2 Selection and siting of sand filters 14.3 Hydraulic and water quality design 14.4 Physical specifications 14.5 Pre-treatment / inlets 14.6 Outlets 14.7 Landscaping and vegetation 14.8 Operation and maintenance requirements 14.9 Construction requirements 14.10 References 15. Infiltration basins 15.1 General description 15.2 Selection and siting of infiltration basins 15.3 Hydraulic and water quality design 15.4 Physical / geometric specifications 15.5 Pre-treatment / inlets 15.6 Outlets 15.7 Landscaping and vegetation 15.8 Operation and maintenance requirements 15.9 Construction requirements 15.10 References 16. Detention basins 16.1 General description 16.2 Selection and siting of detention basins 16.3 Hydraulic and water quality design 16.4 Physical / geometric specifications 16.5 Pre-treatment / inlets 16.6 Outlets 16.7 Landscaping and vegetation 16.8 Operation and maintenance requirements 16.9 Construction requirements 16.10 References 17. Ponds 17.1 General description 17.2 Selection and siting of ponds 17.3 Hydraulic and water quality design 17.4 Physical specifications 17.5 Pre-treatment / inlets 17.6 Outlets 17.7 Landscaping and vegetation 17.8 Operation and maintenance requirements 17.9 Construction requirements 17.10 References 18. Stormwater wetlands 18.1 General description 18.2 Selection and siting of wetlands 18.3 Hydraulic and water quality design 18.4 Physical specifications 18.5 Pre-treatment / inlets 18.6 Outlets 18.7 Landscaping and vegetation 18.8 Operation and maintenance requirements 18.9 Construction requirements 18.10 References 19. Inlets and outlets 19.1 General design considerations 19.2 Inlet and outlet layout 19.3 Soft and hard solutions to hydraulic control 19.4 Inlet systems 19.5 Outlet systems 19.6 Outlet protection 19.7 Energy dissipation 19.8 Trashracks and security grilles 19.9 Flow measurement 19.10 References 20. Landscape 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Landscaping objectives for SUDS performance 20.3 Site characteristics 20.4 Plant selection 20.5 Planting guidance 20.6 References 21. Construction 21.1 Construction practice 21.2 Programming 21.3 Erosion control 21.4 Sedimentation 21.5 Pollution control 21.6 Pollution sources and prevention 21.7 Construction planning 21.8 Contractor's method statements 21.9 Post construction rehabilitation and hand-over 21.10 References 22. Operation and maintenance 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Owners manual 22.3 Level of operation and maintenance 22.4 Operation and maintenance activity categories 22.5 Health and safety 22.6 Regular maintenance activities 22.7 Irregular maintenance activities 22.8 Remedial maintenance 22.9 Applications of the principles of landscape maintenance 22.10 References 23. Waste management 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Properties of sediments 23.3 Sediment categorisation 23.4 Sediment removal requirements 23.5 De-watering of SUDS 23.6 Sediment disposal options 23.7 Waste treatment 23.8 Regulatory implications 23.9 References 24. Community engagement 24.1 Public perception 24.2 Public engagement 24.3 Public engagement methods 24.4 Facilitating the integration of suds within the community 24.5 Managing public health and safety concerns 24.6 Examples of community engagement strategies for SUDS schemes 24.7 References 25. Costs and benefits 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Construction costs 25.3 Design contingency and planning costs 25.4 Land costs 25.5 Operation and maintenance costs 25.6 Monitoring costs 25.7 Residual costs 25.8 Disposal / decommissioning 25.9 Environmental costs and benefits 25.10 Whole life costing 25.11 Whole life costing case study: Hopwood Services 25.12 References.