High Frequency of JCV DNA Detection in Prostate Cancer Tissues.

BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PC) represents the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men. Exposure to infectious agents has been considered to induce prostatic inflammation and cancerous transformation. Controversial data exist concerning the role of the human polyomaviruses BK (BKV) and JC (JCV) in PC etiology. Therefore, a possible association between these polyomaviruses and PC was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Urine, blood and fresh prostatic tissue specimens were collected from 26 patients with PC. The presence of BKV and JCV, the possible non-coding control region (NCCR) variations and the genotyping analysis of viral protein 1 (VP1) of both viruses were assessed. RESULTS Data showed a preferential viral re-activation in the urinary compartment and a statistically significant prevalence of JC viruria and of BKV in PC tissues. A BKV DDP-like NCCR sequence was isolated in two patients, whereas JCV NCCR was consistently of an archetypal structural organization. A prevalence of the European genotypes was observed for both viruses. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated the presence of JCV DNA in 14/24 (58.3%) cancerous prostatic tissue specimens, confirming the results obtained in a previous study, in which JCV has been defined as common inhabitant of the prostate, and opening the discussion about its potential role in PC.

[1]  A. Sciarra,et al.  Results, questions, perspectives of a study on human Polyomavirus BK and molecular actors in prostate cancer development. , 2015, Cancer genomics & proteomics.

[2]  M. Dudas,et al.  Sexually transmitted infections and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2014, Cancer epidemiology.

[3]  R. Tachezy,et al.  Thirty years of research on infection and prostate cancer: no conclusive evidence for a link. A systematic review. , 2013, Urologic oncology.

[4]  P. Ferrante,et al.  Evidence supporting the association of polyomavirus BK genome with prostate cancer , 2013, Medical Microbiology and Immunology.

[5]  B. Akgül,et al.  No evidence for a role of xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus and BK virus in prostate cancer of German patients , 2012, Medical Microbiology and Immunology.

[6]  D. Neal,et al.  No Evidence for Infection of UK Prostate Cancer Patients with XMRV, BK Virus, Trichomonas vaginalis or Human Papilloma Viruses , 2012, PloS one.

[7]  F. Tinti,et al.  Early monitoring of the human polyomavirus BK replication and sequencing analysis in a cohort of adult kidney transplant patients treated with basiliximab , 2011, Virology Journal.

[8]  Martin Ezeani,et al.  Infection, inflammation and prostate carcinogenesis. , 2011, Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases.

[9]  F. Schröder,et al.  The controversial relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer: the role of inflammation. , 2011, European urology.

[10]  S. Sutcliffe.  Sexually transmitted infections and risk of prostate cancer: review of historical and emerging hypotheses. , 2010, Future oncology.

[11]  J. Beuten,et al.  ' s response to reviews Title : Identification of viral infections in the prostate and evaluation of their association with cancer , 2010 .

[12]  M. Jiang,et al.  BK virus and human cancer: innocent until proven guilty. , 2009, Seminars in cancer biology.

[13]  A. Giordano,et al.  p53 gene mutational rate, Gleason score, and BK virus infection in prostate adenocarcinoma: Is there a correlation? , 2008, Journal of medical virology.

[14]  C. Caruso,et al.  Inflammation and prostate cancer. , 2008, Future oncology.

[15]  T. Kitamura,et al.  Conserved archetypal configuration of the transcriptional control region during the course of BK polyomavirus evolution. , 2008, The Journal of general virology.

[16]  E. Platz,et al.  Inflammation and prostate cancer: A focus on infections , 2008, Current urology reports.

[17]  W. Isaacs,et al.  A molecular analysis of prokaryotic and viral DNA sequences in prostate tissue from patients with prostate cancer indicates the presence of multiple and diverse microorganisms , 2008, The Prostate.

[18]  Dweepanita Das,et al.  BK Virus as a Cofactor in the Etiology of Prostate Cancer in Its Early Stages , 2007, Journal of Virology.

[19]  D. Spandidos,et al.  Prevalence of BK virus and human papillomavirus in human prostate cancer. , 2007, The International journal of biological markers.

[20]  A. Sciarra,et al.  Inflammation and chronic prostatic diseases: evidence for a link? , 2007, European urology.

[21]  A. D. De Marzo,et al.  Inflammation, atrophy, and prostate carcinogenesis. , 2007, Urologic oncology.

[22]  Wengang Chen,et al.  Low frequency of BK virus in prostatic adenocarcinomas , 2007, APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica.

[23]  Jianfeng Xu,et al.  Inflammation in prostate carcinogenesis , 2007, Nature Reviews Cancer.

[24]  H. Grönberg,et al.  No link between viral findings in the prostate and subsequent cancer development , 2006, British Journal of Cancer.

[25]  U. Moens,et al.  Polymorphism in the genome of non-passaged human polyomavirus BK: implications for cell tropism and the pathological role of the virus. , 2005, Virology.

[26]  R. Shah,et al.  Detection and expression of human BK virus sequences in neoplastic prostate tissues , 2004, Oncogene.

[27]  A. Degener,et al.  Detection and Sequence Analysis of Human Polyomaviruses DNA from Autoptic Samples of HIV-1 Positive and Negative Subjects , 2003, International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology.

[28]  M. Negrini,et al.  Oncogenic transformation by BK virus and association with human tumors , 2003, Oncogene.

[29]  L. Villarreal,et al.  Detection of human polyomaviruses and papillomaviruses in prostatic tissue reveals the prostate as a habitat for multiple viral infections , 2002, The Prostate.

[30]  C. Ryschkewitsch,et al.  Genotypes of JC virus in East, Central and Southwest Europe. , 2001, The Journal of general virology.

[31]  C. Boland,et al.  Mad-1 Is the Exclusive JC Virus Strain Present in the Human Colon, and Its Transcriptional Control Region Has a Deleted 98-Base-Pair Sequence in Colon Cancer Tissues , 2001, Journal of Virology.

[32]  A. Degener,et al.  Identification of a new control region in the genome of the DDP strain of BK virus isolated from PBMC , 1999, Journal of medical virology.

[33]  C. Boland,et al.  JC virus DNA is present in the mucosa of the human colon and in colorectal cancers. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[34]  Marco Melis,et al.  Transplacental transmission of human polyomavirus BK , 1998, Journal of medical virology.

[35]  C. Ryschkewitsch,et al.  Asian genotypes of JC virus in Native Americans and in a Pacific Island population: markers of viral evolution and human migration. , 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[36]  P. Monini,et al.  DNA rearrangements impairing BK virus productive infection in urinary tract tumors. , 1995, Virology.

[37]  W. Knowles,et al.  BK virus antigenic variants: Sequence analysis within the capsid VP1 epitope , 1993, Journal of medical virology.

[38]  A. BØyum,et al.  Separation of Leucocytes: Improved Cell Purity by Fine Adjustments of Gradient Medium Density and Osmolality , 1991, Scandinavian journal of immunology.

[39]  S. Subramani,et al.  Amplification and sequencing of the control regions of BK and JC virus from human urine by polymerase chain reaction. , 1991, Virology.

[40]  T. Kitamura,et al.  Isolation of a possible archetypal JC virus DNA sequence from nonimmunocompromised individuals , 1990, Journal of virology.

[41]  R. Frisque,et al.  Human polyomavirus JC virus genome , 1984, Journal of virology.

[42]  B. Padgett,et al.  JC Papovavirus in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. , 1976, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[43]  E. Major,et al.  A classification scheme for human polyomavirus JCV variants based on the nucleotide sequence of the noncoding regulatory region , 2011, Journal of NeuroVirology.

[44]  Qin Chen,et al.  Distribution patterns of BK polyomavirus (BKV) subtypes and subgroups in American, European and Asian populations suggest co-migration of BKV and the human race. , 2009, The Journal of general virology.

[45]  J. Cohen,et al.  Incidence of BK virus and JC virus viruria in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and -uninfected subjects. , 1993, The Journal of infectious diseases.