THE EXOPLANET MASS-RATIO FUNCTION FROM THE MOA-II SURVEY: DISCOVERY OF A BREAK AND LIKELY PEAK AT A NEPTUNE MASS

[1]  C. H. Ling,et al.  MICROLENSING EVENT MOA-2007-BLG-400: EXHUMING THE BURIED SIGNATURE OF A COOL, JOVIAN-MASS PLANET , 2008, 0809.2997.

[2]  F. Bouchy,et al.  The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets - XXXI. The M-dwarf sample , 2011, 1111.5019.

[3]  K. Ulaczyk,et al.  Microlens OGLE-2005-BLG-169 Implies That Cool Neptune-like Planets Are Common , 2006 .

[4]  Jack J. Lissauer,et al.  KEPLER-79'S LOW DENSITY PLANETS , 2013, 1310.2642.

[5]  Scott Gaudi,et al.  SYNTHESIZING EXOPLANET DEMOGRAPHICS FROM RADIAL VELOCITY AND MICROLENSING SURVEYS. II. THE FREQUENCY OF PLANETS ORBITING M DWARFS , 2014, 1404.7500.

[6]  Byeong-Gon Park,et al.  Properties of Central Caustics in Planetary Microlensing , 2005, astro-ph/0505363.

[7]  P. M. Vreeswijk,et al.  Microlensing Constraints on the Frequency of Jupiter-Mass Companions: Analysis of 5 Years of PLANET Photometry , 2001, astro-ph/0104100.

[8]  X. Delfosse,et al.  CFBDSIR2149-0403: a 4-7 Jupiter-mass free-floating planet in the young moving group AB Doradus ? ⋆ , 2012, 1210.0305.

[9]  Bohdan Paczynski,et al.  Gravitational microlensing by double stars and planetary systems , 1991 .

[10]  Yossi Shvartzvald,et al.  Second-generation microlensing planet surveys: a realistic simulation , 2011, 1107.5809.

[11]  M. Kubiak,et al.  Binary Lenses in OGLE-III EWS Database. Seasons 2006--2008 , 2004 .

[12]  Jason T. Wright,et al.  The California Planet Survey. II. A Saturn-Mass Planet Orbiting the M Dwarf Gl 649 , 2009, 0912.2730.

[13]  B. Monard,et al.  SUB-SATURN PLANET MOA-2008-BLG-310Lb: LIKELY TO BE IN THE GALACTIC BULGE , 2009, 0908.0529.

[14]  S. Kane,et al.  Microlensing limits on numbers and orbits of extrasolar planets from the 1998–2000 OGLE events , 2003, astro-ph/0304284.

[15]  C. H. Ling,et al.  MOA-2011-BLG-262Lb: A SUB-EARTH-MASS MOON ORBITING A GAS GIANT PRIMARY OR A HIGH VELOCITY PLANETARY SYSTEM IN THE GALACTIC BULGE , 2013, 1312.3951.

[16]  C. H. Ling,et al.  MOA-2008-BLG-379Lb: A MASSIVE PLANET FROM A HIGH MAGNIFICATION EVENT WITH A FAINT SOURCE , 2013, 1311.3424.

[17]  P. Schechter,et al.  DOPHOT, A CCD PHOTOMETRY PROGRAM: DESCRIPTION AND TESTS , 1993 .

[18]  Zhaohuan Zhu,et al.  FAST RISE OF “NEPTUNE-SIZE” PLANETS (4–8 R⊕) FROM P ∼ 10 TO ∼250 DAYS—STATISTICS OF KEPLER PLANET CANDIDATES UP TO ∼0.75 AU , 2012, 1212.4853.

[19]  Scott Gaudi,et al.  SYNTHESIZING EXOPLANET DEMOGRAPHICS FROM RADIAL VELOCITY AND MICROLENSING SURVEYS. I. METHODOLOGY , 2014, 1404.7495.

[20]  C. H. Ling,et al.  Mass measurement of a single unseen star and planetary detection efficiency for OGLE 2007-BLG-050 , 2009, 0907.3471.

[21]  L. Girardi,et al.  PARSEC evolutionary tracks of massive stars up to 350 M ☉ at metallicities 0.0001 ≤ Z ≤ 0.04 , 2015, 1506.01681.

[22]  C. H. Ling,et al.  OGLE-2012-BLG-0455/MOA-2012-BLG-206: MICROLENSING EVENT WITH AMBIGUITY IN PLANETARY INTERPRETATIONS CAUSED BY INCOMPLETE COVERAGE OF PLANETARY SIGNAL , 2014, 1403.1672.

[23]  Howard Isaacson,et al.  The Occurrence and Mass Distribution of Close-in Super-Earths, Neptunes, and Jupiters , 2010, Science.

[24]  C. H. Ling,et al.  OGLE-2012-BLG-0724LB: A SATURN-MASS PLANET AROUND AN M DWARF , 2016, 1604.05463.

[25]  K. Ulaczyk,et al.  CHARACTERIZING LENSES AND LENSED STARS OF HIGH-MAGNIFICATION SINGLE-LENS GRAVITATIONAL MICROLENSING EVENTS WITH LENSES PASSING OVER SOURCE STARS , 2011, 1111.4032.

[26]  R. Pfeifle,et al.  CONFIRMATION OF THE PLANETARY MICROLENSING SIGNAL AND STAR AND PLANET MASS DETERMINATIONS FOR EVENT OGLE-2005-BLG-169 , 2015, 1507.08661.

[27]  R. Trotta Bayes in the sky: Bayesian inference and model selection in cosmology , 2008, 0803.4089.

[28]  D. Bennett AN EFFICIENT METHOD FOR MODELING HIGH-MAGNIFICATION PLANETARY MICROLENSING EVENTS , 2009, 0911.2703.

[29]  B. Monard,et al.  A COLD NEPTUNE-MASS PLANET OGLE-2007-BLG-368Lb: Cold neptunes are common , 2009, 0912.1171.

[30]  A. Udalski,et al.  MOA-2011-BLG-293LB: FIRST MICROLENSING PLANET POSSIBLY IN THE HABITABLE ZONE , 2013, 1310.3706.

[31]  Christopher W. Stubbs,et al.  The macho project first-year large magellanic cloud results: The microlensing rate and the nature of the galactic dark halo , 1996 .

[32]  R. Poleski,et al.  The OGLE-III planet detection efficiency from six years of microlensing observations (2003–2008) , 2016, 1602.02519.

[33]  Philip Yock,et al.  On Planetary Companions to the MACHO 98-BLG-35 Microlens Star , 2000 .

[34]  O. Szewczyk,et al.  Discovery of a cool planet of 5.5 Earth masses through gravitational microlensing , 2006, Nature.

[35]  C. H. Ling,et al.  SPITZER OBSERVATIONS OF OGLE-2015-BLG-1212 REVEAL A NEW PATH TOWARD BREAKING STRONG MICROLENS DEGENERACIES , 2016, 1601.01699.

[36]  K. Ulaczyk,et al.  The Second Multiple-planet System Discovered by Microlensing: OGLE-2012-BLG-0026Lb, c—A Pair of Jovian Planets beyond the Snow Line , 2013 .

[37]  M. R. Haas,et al.  PLANET OCCURRENCE WITHIN 0.25 AU OF SOLAR-TYPE STARS FROM KEPLER , 2011, 1103.2541.

[38]  C. H. Ling,et al.  A NEW TYPE OF AMBIGUITY IN THE PLANET AND BINARY INTERPRETATIONS OF CENTRAL PERTURBATIONS OF HIGH-MAGNIFICATION GRAVITATIONAL MICROLENSING EVENTS , 2012, 1204.4789.

[39]  David P. Bennett,et al.  Detection of Extrasolar Planets by Gravitational Microlensing , 2009, 0902.1761.

[40]  C. H. Ling,et al.  OGLE-2008-BLG-355Lb: A MASSIVE PLANET AROUND A LATE-TYPE STAR , 2014, 1403.7005.

[41]  Bruce D. Clarke,et al.  Identifying False Alarms in the Kepler Planet Candidate Catalog , 2016, 1602.03204.

[42]  K. Ulaczyk,et al.  OGLE-2012-BLG-0563Lb: A SATURN-MASS PLANET AROUND AN M DWARF WITH THE MASS CONSTRAINED BY SUBARU AO IMAGING , 2015, 1506.08850.

[43]  F. Thevenin,et al.  The angular sizes of dwarf stars and subgiants Surface brightness relations calibrated by interferometry , 2004, astro-ph/0404180.

[44]  K. Ulaczyk,et al.  MASSES AND ORBITAL CONSTRAINTS FOR THE OGLE-2006-BLG-109Lb,c JUPITER/SATURN ANALOG PLANETARY SYSTEM , 2009, 0911.2706.

[45]  L. Girardi,et al.  New PARSEC evolutionary tracks of massive stars at low metallicity: testing canonical stellar evolution in nearby star-forming dwarf galaxies , 2014, 1410.1745.

[46]  K. Ulaczyk,et al.  Discovery of a Jupiter/Saturn Analog with Gravitational Microlensing , 2008, Science.

[47]  Manchester,et al.  PREDICTIONS FOR MICROLENSING PLANETARY EVENTS FROM CORE ACCRETION THEORY , 2014, 1403.4936.

[48]  C. H. Ling,et al.  MOA 2010-BLG-477Lb: CONSTRAINING THE MASS OF A MICROLENSING PLANET FROM MICROLENSING PARALLAX, ORBITAL MOTION, AND DETECTION OF BLENDED LIGHT , 2012, 1205.6323.

[49]  B. Gaudi,et al.  Planetary Detection Efficiency of the Magnification 3000 Microlensing Event OGLE-2004-BLG-343 , 2005, astro-ph/0507079.

[50]  C. H. Ling,et al.  THE FIRST CIRCUMBINARY PLANET FOUND BY MICROLENSING: OGLE-2007-BLG-349L(AB)c , 2016, 1609.06720.

[51]  K. Zebrun,et al.  OGLE 2003-BLG-235/MOA 2003-BLG-53: A Planetary Microlensing Event , 2004 .

[52]  D. Bennett,et al.  CAN THE MASSES OF ISOLATED PLANETARY-MASS GRAVITATIONAL LENSES BE MEASURED BY TERRESTRIAL PARALLAX? , 2014, 1412.1546.

[53]  J. B. Marquette,et al.  ExELS: an exoplanet legacy science proposal for the ESA Euclid mission – I. Cold exoplanets , 2012, 1206.5296.

[54]  K. Ulaczyk,et al.  MOA-2013-BLG-220Lb: MASSIVE PLANETARY COMPANION TO GALACTIC-DISK HOST , 2014, 1403.2134.

[55]  G. Marcy,et al.  A PLATEAU IN THE PLANET POPULATION BELOW TWICE THE SIZE OF EARTH , 2013, 1304.0460.

[56]  Stochastic distributions of lens and source properties for observed galactic microlensing events , 2005, astro-ph/0507540.

[57]  Dong-Hyuk Kim,et al.  A Development of Expected Loss Control Chart Using Reflected Normal Loss Function , 2016 .

[58]  S. Quanz,et al.  Direct imaging constraints on planet populations detected by microlensing , 2012, 1203.3647.

[59]  David P. Bennett,et al.  Detecting Earth-Mass Planets with Gravitational Microlensing , 1996, astro-ph/9603158.

[60]  K. Ulaczyk,et al.  A terrestrial planet in a ~1-AU orbit around one member of a ∼15-AU binary , 2014, Science.

[61]  K. Masuda,et al.  MOA-cam3: a wide-field mosaic CCD camera for a gravitational microlensing survey in New Zealand , 2008 .

[62]  C. H. Ling,et al.  The frequency of snowline-region planets from four-years of OGLE-MOA-Wise second-generation microlensing. , 2015, Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

[63]  B. Monard,et al.  EXTREME MAGNIFICATION MICROLENSING EVENT OGLE-2008-BLG-279: STRONG LIMITS ON PLANETARY COMPANIONS TO THE LENS STAR , 2009, 0907.5411.

[64]  Pierre Kervella,et al.  The angular sizes of dwarf stars and subgiants (Research Note) Non-linear surface brightness relations in BVRcIc from interferometry , 2008, 0809.1732.

[65]  D. Charbonneau,et al.  THE OCCURRENCE OF POTENTIALLY HABITABLE PLANETS ORBITING M DWARFS ESTIMATED FROM THE FULL KEPLER DATASET AND AN EMPIRICAL MEASUREMENT OF THE DETECTION SENSITIVITY , 2015, 1501.01623.

[66]  Y. Watase,et al.  Real-time difference imaging analysis of moa galactic bulge observations during 2000 , 2001 .

[67]  OGLE-2005-BLG-071Lb, THE MOST MASSIVE M DWARF PLANETARY COMPANION? , 2008, 0804.1354.

[68]  G. Marcy,et al.  Prevalence of Earth-size Planets Orbiting Sun-like Stars , 2015, 1510.03902.

[69]  Bohdan Paczynski,et al.  Gravitational microlensing by the galactic halo , 1986 .

[70]  F. Bouchy,et al.  The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets - XIII. A planetary system with 3 super-Earths (4.2, 6.9, and 9.2 M) , 2008, 0806.4587.

[71]  Andrew Gould,et al.  Discovering Planetary Systems through Gravitational Microlenses , 1992 .

[72]  Khadeejah A. Zamudio,et al.  PLANETARY CANDIDATES OBSERVED BY KEPLER. VI. PLANET SAMPLE FROM Q1–Q16 (47 MONTHS) , 2015, 1502.02038.

[73]  Russel J. White,et al.  A SURVEY OF STELLAR FAMILIES: MULTIPLICITY OF SOLAR-TYPE STARS , 2009, 1007.0414.

[74]  M. Halpern,et al.  First-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Parameter Estimation Methodology , 2003 .

[75]  Gregory Laughlin,et al.  The Core Accretion Model Predicts Few Jovian-Mass Planets Orbiting Red Dwarfs , 2004, astro-ph/0407309.

[76]  B. Monard,et al.  MOA-2009-BLG-387Lb: a massive planet orbiting an M dwarf , 2011, 1102.0558.

[77]  Andrew Gould,et al.  REDDENING AND EXTINCTION TOWARD THE GALACTIC BULGE FROM OGLE-III: THE INNER MILKY WAY'S RV ∼ 2.5 EXTINCTION CURVE , 2012, 1208.1263.

[78]  S. Ida,et al.  Towards a Deterministic Model of Planetary Formation I: a Desert in the Mass and Semi Major Axis Distributions of Extra Solar Planets , 2022 .

[79]  M. R. Haas,et al.  TERRESTRIAL PLANET OCCURRENCE RATES FOR THE KEPLER GK DWARF SAMPLE , 2015, 1506.04175.

[80]  C. H. Ling,et al.  A SUB-SATURN MASS PLANET, MOA-2009-BLG-319Lb , 2010, 1010.1809.

[81]  K. Ulaczyk,et al.  DISCOVERY AND MASS MEASUREMENTS OF A COLD, 10 EARTH MASS PLANET AND ITS HOST STAR , 2011, 1106.2160.

[82]  B. Scott Gaudi,et al.  Microlensing Surveys for Exoplanets , 2012 .

[83]  Howard Isaacson,et al.  Kepler Planet-Detection Mission: Introduction and First Results , 2010, Science.

[84]  R. A. Street,et al.  FREQUENCY OF SOLAR-LIKE SYSTEMS AND OF ICE AND GAS GIANTS BEYOND THE SNOW LINE FROM HIGH-MAGNIFICATION MICROLENSING EVENTS IN 2005–2008 , 2010, 1001.0572.

[85]  C. H. Ling,et al.  MOA-2011-BLG-028Lb: A NEPTUNE-MASS MICROLENSING PLANET IN THE GALACTIC BULGE , 2015, 1512.03422.

[86]  A. Gould,et al.  Stellar Contribution to the Galactic Bulge Microlensing Optical Depth , 2003, astro-ph/0303309.

[87]  C. H. Ling,et al.  A Low-Mass Planet with a Possible Sub-Stellar-Mass Host in Microlensing Event MOA-2007-BLG-192 , 2008, 0806.0025.

[88]  David P. Bennett,et al.  Simulation of a Space-based Microlensing Survey for Terrestrial Extrasolar Planets , 2002 .

[89]  D. Maoz,et al.  A VENUS-MASS PLANET ORBITING A BROWN DWARF: A MISSING LINK BETWEEN PLANETS AND MOONS , 2015, 1507.02388.

[90]  Jan Skowron,et al.  TRIPLE MICROLENS OGLE-2008-BLG-092L: BINARY STELLAR SYSTEM WITH A CIRCUMPRIMARY URANUS-TYPE PLANET , 2014, 1408.6223.

[91]  Howard Isaacson,et al.  ALL SIX PLANETS KNOWN TO ORBIT KEPLER-11 HAVE LOW DENSITIES , 2013, 1303.0227.

[92]  C. H. Ling,et al.  A brown dwarf orbiting an M-dwarf: MOA 2009–BLG–411L , 2012 .

[93]  C. H. Ling,et al.  OGLE-2011-BLG-0265Lb: A JOVIAN MICROLENSING PLANET ORBITING AN M DWARF , 2014, 1410.8252.

[94]  K. Ulaczyk,et al.  Unbound or distant planetary mass population detected by gravitational microlensing , 2011, Nature.

[95]  Arpita Roy,et al.  Stellar activity masquerading as planets in the habitable zone of the M dwarf Gliese 581 , 2014, Science.

[96]  E. L. Wright,et al.  THE COLDEST BROWN DWARF (OR FREE-FLOATING PLANET)?: THE Y DWARF WISE 1828+2650 , 2013, 1301.1669.

[97]  Eric B. Ford,et al.  PROBABILISTIC MASS–RADIUS RELATIONSHIP FOR SUB-NEPTUNE-SIZED PLANETS , 2015, 1504.07557.

[98]  A. Bhattacharya,et al.  CONFIRMATION OF THE OGLE-2005-BLG-169 PLANET SIGNATURE AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS WITH LENS–SOURCE PROPER MOTION DETECTION , 2015, 1507.08914.

[99]  Julien H. Girard,et al.  A survey of young, nearby, and dusty stars conducted to understand the formation of wide-orbit giant planets - VLT/NaCo adaptive optics thermal and angular differential imaging , 2013 .

[100]  Mauro Barbieri,et al.  Improving PARSEC models for very low mass stars , 2014, 1409.0322.

[101]  C. H. Ling,et al.  PLANETARY AND OTHER SHORT BINARY MICROLENSING EVENTS FROM THE MOA SHORT-EVENT ANALYSIS , 2012, 1203.4560.

[102]  K. Ulaczyk,et al.  SPITZER PARALLAX OF OGLE-2015-BLG-0966: A COLD NEPTUNE IN THE GALACTIC DISK , 2015, 1508.07027.

[103]  G. Marcy,et al.  THE MASS–RADIUS RELATION FOR 65 EXOPLANETS SMALLER THAN 4 EARTH RADII , 2013, 1312.0936.

[104]  C. H. Ling,et al.  MOA-2010-BLG-328Lb: A SUB-NEPTUNE ORBITING VERY LATE M DWARF? , 2013, 1309.7714.

[105]  C. H. Ling,et al.  MOA-2010-BLG-523: “FAILED PLANET” = RS CVn STAR , 2012, 1210.6045.

[106]  Neda Safizadeh,et al.  The Use of High-Magnification Microlensing Events in Discovering Extrasolar Planets , 1997 .

[107]  D. Bennett,et al.  A New Nonplanetary Interpretation of the Microlensing Event OGLE-2013-BLG-0723 , 2016, 1604.06533.

[108]  Andrew Gould,et al.  Extending the MACHO Search to approximately 10 6 M sub sun , 1992 .

[109]  C. H. Ling,et al.  MOA-2011-BLG-322Lb: a ‘second generation survey’ microlensing planet , 2013, 1310.0008.

[110]  Andrew Cumming,et al.  The Keck Planet Search: Detectability and the Minimum Mass and Orbital Period Distribution of Extrasolar Planets , 2008, 0803.3357.

[111]  C. H. Ling,et al.  MOA-2010-BLG-353Lb: A Possible Saturn Revealed , 2015, 1510.01393.

[112]  C. H. Ling,et al.  MOA-2010-BLG-311: A planetary candidate below the threshold of reliable detection , 2012, 1210.6041.

[113]  A. Gal-Yam,et al.  MOA-2011-BLG-293Lb: A TEST OF PURE SURVEY MICROLENSING PLANET DETECTIONS , 2012, 1201.1002.

[114]  B. Scott Gaudi,et al.  Distinguishing Between Binary-Source and Planetary Microlensing Perturbations , 1998 .

[115]  C. G. Tinney,et al.  Catalog of nearby exoplanets , 2006 .

[116]  B. Scott Gaudi,et al.  Characterization of Gravitational Microlensing Planetary Host Stars , 2007 .

[117]  D. Lin,et al.  Toward a Deterministic Model of Planetary Formation. I. A Desert in the Mass and Semimajor Axis Distributions of Extrasolar Planets , 2004 .

[118]  C. Snodgrass,et al.  The abundance of Galactic planets from OGLE-III 2002 microlensing data , 2004, astro-ph/0403387.

[119]  Identification of the OGLE-2003-BLG-235/MOA-2003-BLG-53 Planetary Host Star* , 2006, astro-ph/0606038.

[120]  Daniel Foreman-Mackey,et al.  emcee: The MCMC Hammer , 2012, 1202.3665.

[121]  K. Ulaczyk,et al.  One or more bound planets per Milky Way star from microlensing observations , 2012, Nature.

[122]  Scott J. Kenyon,et al.  Planet Formation around Stars of Various Masses: The Snow Line and the Frequency of Giant Planets , 2007, 0710.1065.

[123]  B. Monard,et al.  THE EXTREME MICROLENSING EVENT OGLE-2007-BLG-224: TERRESTRIAL PARALLAX OBSERVATION OF A THICK-DISK BROWN DWARF , 2009, 0904.0249.

[124]  John Asher Johnson,et al.  THE TRENDS HIGH-CONTRAST IMAGING SURVEY. IV. THE OCCURRENCE RATE OF GIANT PLANETS AROUND M DWARFS , 2013, 1307.5849.

[125]  M. J. Lehner,et al.  First Observation of Parallax in a Gravitational Microlensing Event , 1995, astro-ph/9506114.

[126]  K. Ulaczyk,et al.  SPITZER AS A MICROLENS PARALLAX SATELLITE: MASS MEASUREMENT FOR THE OGLE-2014-BLG-0124L PLANET AND ITS HOST STAR , 2014, 1410.4219.

[127]  Kaspar von Braun,et al.  STELLAR DIAMETERS AND TEMPERATURES. IV. PREDICTING STELLAR ANGULAR DIAMETERS , 2013, 1311.4901.

[128]  D. Hogg,et al.  EXOPLANET POPULATION INFERENCE AND THE ABUNDANCE OF EARTH ANALOGS FROM NOISY, INCOMPLETE CATALOGS , 2014, 1406.3020.