Necrotizing Candida infection after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: a fatal and rare complication.

Gastrostomy site infections following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) are the most common complication after PEG placement. Recent meta-analyses were able to show that PEG site infections can be reduced significantly with a systemic antimicrobial prophylaxis. This mostly cephalosporin- or penicillin-based prophylaxis does not cover fungal infections. Although Candida skin infections after PEG placement are rarely described, a mucosal colonization or infection of the upper GI tract with Candida species is very common, especially in severely ill patients such as those requiring artificial nutrition. The authors report a rare and lethal case of a necrotizing PEG site infection with Candida albicans in a patient with diabetes with multiple comorbidities, presenting like gas gangrene. In patients with probable immunodeficiency or visible candidiasis of the skin, oropharynx, or esophagus, a Candida infection should be considered in case of a gastrostomy site infection.

[1]  A. McIntyre,et al.  The role of screening and antibiotic prophylaxis in the prevention of percutaneous gastrostomy site infection caused by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus , 2007, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[2]  S. Galandiuk,et al.  Meta‐analysis: antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent peristomal infection following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy , 2007, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[3]  M. Cravo,et al.  High Rate of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Site Infections Due to Oropharyngeal Colonization , 2006, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

[4]  P. Mueller,et al.  Black esophagus: report of six cases and review of the literature, 1963-2003. , 2006, Diseases of the esophagus.

[5]  M. DeLegge,et al.  External bolster placement after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube insertion: is looser better? , 2006, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[6]  A. Lipp,et al.  Systemic antimicrobial prophylaxis for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. , 2006, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[7]  P. Singer,et al.  ESPEN guidelines on artificial enteral nutrition--percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). , 2005, Clinical nutrition.

[8]  A. Velegraki,et al.  Candidal overgrowth in diabetic patients: potential predisposing factors , 2005, Mycoses.

[9]  R. Portman,et al.  Fungal peritonitis in children treated with peritoneal dialysis and gastrostomy feeding , 1991, Pediatric Nephrology.

[10]  P. Ducrotte,et al.  [Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in patients with neurological diseases. Results of a prospective multicenter and international study]. , 2004, Acta gastroenterologica Latinoamericana.

[11]  D. Faigel,et al.  Guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis for GI endoscopy. , 2003, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[12]  M. Marini,et al.  Necrotizing gangrene of the genitalia and perineum , 2002, International journal of dermatology.

[13]  Y. Padel,et al.  Antibiotic prophylaxis in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)--results from a prospective randomized multicenter trial. , 2000, Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie.

[14]  E. Wijdicks,et al.  Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy after Acute Stroke:Complications and Outcome , 1999, Cerebrovascular Diseases.

[15]  R. Schindler,et al.  Bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis caused by Candida infection. , 1999, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[16]  I. Gillanders,et al.  Candida albicans infection complicating percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. , 1992, Endoscopy.

[17]  T. J. Alexander,et al.  Candida cellulitis: a complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. , 1989, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[18]  N. Maliwan,et al.  Emphysematous genital infection caused by Candida albicans. , 1982, The Journal of urology.

[19]  R. Stjernholm,et al.  Factors affecting filamentation in Candida albicans: changes in respiratory activity of Candida albicans during filamentation , 1975, Infection and immunity.