Hybrid 3D Models: When Geomatics Innovations Meet Extensive Built Heritage Complexes

This article proposes the use of a multiscale and multisensor approach to collect and model three-dimensional (3D) data concerning wide and complex areas to obtain a variety of metric information in the same 3D archive, which is based on a single coordinate system. The employment of these 3D georeferenced products is multifaceted and the fusion or integration among different sensors’ data, scales, and resolutions is promising, and it could be useful in the generation of a model that could be defined as a hybrid. The correct geometry, accuracy, radiometry, and weight of the data models are hereby evaluated when comparing integrated processes and results from Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS), Mobile Mapping System (MMS), Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), and terrestrial photogrammetry, while using Total Station (TS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) for topographic surveys. The entire analysis underlines the potentiality of the integration and fusion of different solutions and it is a crucial part of the ‘Torino 1911’ project whose main purpose is mapping and virtually reconstructing the 1911 Great Exhibition settled in the Valentino Park in Turin (Italy).

[1]  Valentina Bonora,et al.  Examination of Indoor Mobile Mapping Systems in a Diversified Internal/External Test Field , 2018 .

[2]  C. D. Coletta.  World's Fairs Italian-Style: The Great Expositions in Turin and their Narratives, 1860-1915 , 2006 .

[3]  John Trinder,et al.  Building detection by fusion of airborne laser scanner data and multi-spectral images : Performance evaluation and sensitivity analysis , 2007 .

[4]  Thomas Dewez,et al.  Handheld Mobile Laser Scanners Zeb-1 and Zeb-Revo to map an underground quarry and its above-ground surroundings , 2016 .

[5]  Gabriele Guidi,et al.  Range sensors on marble surfaces: quantitative evaluation of artifacts , 2009, Optical Engineering + Applications.

[6]  Francesco Fassi,et al.  TESTING DIFFERENT SURVEY TECHNIQUES TO MODEL ARCHITECTONIC NARROW SPACES , 2017 .

[7]  Eduardo Zalama Casanova,et al.  An Effective Texture Mapping Approach for 3D Models Obtained from Laser Scanner Data to Building Documentation , 2011, Comput. Aided Civ. Infrastructure Eng..

[8]  Gabriele Guidi,et al.  A Multi-Resolution Methodology for the 3D Modeling of Large and Complex Archeological Areas , 2009 .

[9]  G. Fangi,et al.  Photogrammetric Processing of Spherical Panoramas , 2013 .

[10]  S. Slob,et al.  3D Terrestrial Laser Scanning as a New Field Measurement and Monitoring Technique , 2004 .

[11]  Michael Bosse,et al.  Zebedee: Design of a Spring-Mounted 3-D Range Sensor with Application to Mobile Mapping , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Robotics.

[12]  Juha Hyyppä,et al.  Comparison of the Selected State-Of-The-Art 3D Indoor Scanning and Point Cloud Generation Methods , 2017, Remote. Sens..

[13]  Fabio Menna,et al.  KNOWLEDGE AND VALORIZATION OF HISTORICAL SITES THROUGH 3D DOCUMENTATION AND MODELING , 2016 .

[14]  Diego González-Aguilera,et al.  Use of a Wearable Mobile Laser System in Seamless Indoor 3D Mapping of a Complex Historical Site , 2018, Remote. Sens..

[15]  Henrique Lorenzo,et al.  Behavior Analysis of Novel Wearable Indoor Mapping System Based on 3D-SLAM , 2018, Sensors.

[16]  Elisabetta Donadio.  3D photogrammetric data modeling and optimization for multipurpose analysis and representation of Cultural Heritage assets , 2018 .

[17]  Jian Li,et al.  Robust and rapid matching of oblique UAV images of urban area , 2013, Other Conferences.

[18]  Pierre Grussenmeyer,et al.  Multi-Scale and Multi-Sensor 3D Documentation of Heritage Complexes in Urban Areas , 2018, ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf..

[19]  Michael Bosse,et al.  Efficiently capturing large, complex cultural heritage sites with a handheld mobile 3D laser mapping system , 2014 .

[20]  D. Kellner,et al.  Postmodern Theory: Critical Interrogations , 1991 .

[21]  Giacomo Patrucco,et al.  Low-cost sensors for rapid mapping of cultural heritage: first tests using a COTS Steadicamera , 2018 .

[22]  George Vosselman,et al.  Knowledge based reconstruction of building models from terrestrial laser scanning data , 2009 .

[23]  Antonia Teresa Spano,et al.  UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY WITH OBLIQUE IMAGES: FIRST ANALYSIS ON DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING , 2016 .

[24]  F. Remondino,et al.  Data fusion in Cultural Heritage – A Review , 2015 .

[25]  Aloysius Wehr,et al.  Airborne laser scanning—an introduction and overview , 1999 .

[26]  Valentina Bonora,et al.  Digital workflow for the acquisition and elaboration of 3D data in a monumental complex: the fortress of Saint John the Baptist in Florence , 2017 .

[27]  J. L. Lerma,et al.  Terrestrial laser scanning and close range photogrammetry for 3D archaeological documentation: the Upper Palaeolithic Cave of Parpalló as a case study , 2010 .

[28]  Jin-Soo Kim,et al.  Feasibility of employing a smartphone as the payload in a photogrammetric UAV system , 2013 .

[29]  Wolfgang Neubauer,et al.  COMBINED HIGH RESOLUTION LASER SCANNING AND PHOTOGRAMMETRICAL DOCUMENTATION OF THE PYRAMIDS AT GIZA , 2005 .

[30]  Filiberto Chiabrando,et al.  Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Settled Techniques: A Support to Detect Pathologies and Safety Conditions of Timber Structures , 2013 .

[31]  Gabriele Bitelli,et al.  3D GEOMATICS TECHNIQUES FOR AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO CULTURALHERITAGE KNOWLEDGE: THE CASE OF SAN MICHELE IN ACERBOLI’S CHURCHIN SANTARCANGELO DI ROMAGNA , 2017 .

[32]  Giulia Sammartano,et al.  Point clouds by SLAM-based mobile mapping systems: accuracy and geometric content validation in multisensor survey and stand-alone acquisition , 2018, Applied Geomatics.

[33]  Livio De Luca,et al.  Automated Image-Based Procedures for Accurate Artifacts 3D Modeling and Orthoimage Generation , 2011 .

[34]  Diego González-Aguilera,et al.  Comparing Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and Wearable Laser Scanning (WLS) for Individual Tree Modeling at Plot Level , 2018, Remote. Sens..

[35]  Stuart Cadge,et al.  Welcome to the ZEB REVOlution , 2016 .

[36]  Miriam Cabrelles,et al.  Integration of Laser Scanning and Imagery for Photorealistic 3D Architectural Documentation , 2011 .

[37]  Antonia Teresa Spano,et al.  “TORINO 1911” PROJECT: A CONTRIBUTION OF A SLAM-BASED SURVEY TO EXTENSIVE 3D HERITAGE MODELING , 2018 .

[38]  M. Dubbini,et al.  Combining nadir and oblique UAV imagery to reconstruct quarry topography: methodology and feasibility analysis , 2017 .

[39]  A. Pérez Ramos,et al.  ONLY IMAGE BASED FOR THE 3D METRIC SURVEY OF GOTHIC STRUCTURES BY USING FRAME CAMERAS AND PANORAMIC CAMERAS , 2016 .

[40]  George Vosselman,et al.  Fusion of laser scanning data, maps, and aerial photographs for building reconstruction , 2002, IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

[41]  A. Wetherelt,et al.  Evaluation of automated underground mapping solutions for mining and civil engineering applications , 2016 .

[42]  Diego González-Aguilera,et al.  Mobile LiDAR System: New Possibilities for the Documentation and Dissemination of Large Cultural Heritage Sites , 2017, Remote. Sens..

[43]  Andrea Martina,et al.  Virtual Heritage: new technologies for edutainment , 2014 .

[44]  Alessandro De Gloria,et al.  Designing Serious Games for Cultural Heritage Purposes , 2011 .

[45]  J. L. Lerma,et al.  Fusion of 3D data from different image-based and range-based sources for efficient heritage recording , 2015, 2015 Digital Heritage.

[46]  Alessandro Rizzi,et al.  3D modeling of complex and detailed cultural heritage using multi-resolution data , 2009, JOCCH.

[47]  Andrea Masiero,et al.  INITIAL EVALUATION OF 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF CLOSE OBJECTS WITH SMARTPHONE STEREO VISION , 2018 .

[48]  Nicola Ruggieri,et al.  Historical Earthquake-Resistant Timber Framing in the Mediterranean Area , 2015 .

[49]  F. Fassi,et al.  Surveying and modelling the main spire of Milan Cathedral using multiple data sources , 2011 .

[50]  Tania Landes,et al.  Comparison methods of terrestrial laser scanning, photogrammetry and tacheometry data for recording of cultural heritage buildings , 2008 .

[51]  Fabio Remondino,et al.  Investigation of indoor and outdoor performance of two portable mobile mapping systems , 2017, Optical Metrology.

[52]  Jan Boehm,et al.  MOBILE LASER SCANNING FOR INDOOR MODELLING , 2013 .

[53]  Thomas Dewez,et al.  Towards cavity‐collapse hazard maps with Zeb‐Revo handheld laser scanner point clouds , 2017 .