Effects of AGI-1067 and Probucol After Percutaneous Coronary Interventions

Background—AGI-1067, a metabolically stable modification of probucol, is an equipotent antioxidant to probucol but is pharmacologically distinct. In a multicenter trial, we studied whether AGI-1067 reduces restenosis assessed by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with placebo and probucol used as a positive control. Methods and Results—Two weeks before PCI, 305 patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatment groups: placebo, probucol 500 mg BID, or AGI-1067 70, 140, or 280 mg once daily. Patients were treated for 2 weeks before and 4 weeks after PCI. Baseline and 6-month follow-up IVUS were interpreted by a blinded core laboratory. Stents were used in 85% of patients. Luminal area at the PCI site at follow-up was 2.66±1.58 mm2 for placebo, 3.69±2.69 mm2 for probucol, 2.75±1.76 mm2 for AGI-1067 70 mg, 3.17±2.26 mm2 for AGI-1067 140 mg, and 3.36±2.12 mm2 for AGI-1067 280 mg (P =0.02 for the dose-response relationship;P ≤0.05 for AGI-1067 280 mg and probucol versus placebo). There was a mean narrowing of 5.3 mm3 of reference segment lumen in the placebo group and an enlargement in the AGI-1067 140- and 280-mg groups at follow-up (P =0.05 for 140 mg). An increase in QTc interval >60 ms occurred in 4.8% of placebo patients, 17.4% of probucol patients, and 4.8%, 2.4%, and 2.5% of patients in the AGI-1067 groups (P =0.02). Conclusions—AGI-1067 and probucol reduce restenosis after PCI. In contrast to probucol, AGI-1067 did not cause prolongation of the QTc interval and improved lumen dimensions of reference segments, suggestive of a direct effect on atherosclerosis.