Metal‐polymer interfaces: Adhesion and x‐ray photoemission studies

The interfaces formed by evaporating copper, nickel, and chromium layers on polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl methyl ether, polyvinyl acetate, and polymethyl methacrylate have been studied with x‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The adhesion strengths of the metal films to the polymers were measured by a tensile‐pull test. At submonolayer coverages of the metals, the peak positions and widths of the metallic electron core levels measured with XPS vary significantly from one polymer substrate to another. Most of these variations can be accounted for in terms of changes in the atomic and extra‐atomic relaxation energies during the photoemission process. Much of this change is brought about when the metal atom deposited on an oxygen‐containing polymer interacts with the substrate oxygen and forms a metal‐oxygen‐polymer complex. The presence of this complex is verified by changes in the photoemission lineshapes of the substrate carbon and oxygen atoms. The XPS signatures of th...

[1]  G. Tibbetts,et al.  Quasiatomic Excitation in Bulk Nickel , 1978 .

[2]  G. Tibbetts,et al.  A photoelectron study of palladium, nickel, and copper clusters on carbon surfaces , 1979 .

[3]  W. Delgass,et al.  Chemisorption of oxygen on Ni(100) by SIMS and XPS , 1978 .

[4]  W. R. Salaneck,et al.  X-ray photoemission studies of thin gold films , 1976 .

[5]  Charles B. Duke,et al.  Molecular charge states and contact charge exchange in polymers , 1977 .

[6]  J. M. Burkstrand.  Electron spectroscopic study of oxygen‐plasma‐treated polymer surfaces , 1978 .

[7]  N. Winograd,et al.  X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic binding energy shifts due to matrix in alloys and small supported metal particles , 1975 .

[8]  R. Deanin.  Polymer Structure, Properties, and Applications , 1972 .

[9]  J. Haber,et al.  ESCA studies of copper oxides and copper molybdates , 1978 .

[10]  J. M. Burkstrand.  Formation of a copper‐oxygen‐polymer complex on polystyrene , 1978 .

[11]  J. Tracy,et al.  Recent advances in surface characterization using leed and auger electron spectroscopy , 1973 .

[12]  C. Westerdahl,et al.  Effect of activated gas plasma treatment time on adhesive bondability of polymers , 1972 .

[13]  S. Evans,et al.  Escape depths of X-ray (MgKα)-induced photoelectrons and relative photoionization cross sections for the 3p subshell of the elements of the first long period , 1977 .

[14]  G. Tibbetts,et al.  Growth of copper, nickel, and palladium films on graphite and amorphous carbon , 1979 .

[15]  Shui-Tong Lee,et al.  Electronic Structure of Catalytic Metal Clusters Studied by X-Ray Photoemission Spectroscopy. , 1977 .

[16]  C. Westerdahl,et al.  Activated Gas Plasma Surface Treatment of Polymers for Adhesive Bonding. Part III. , 1969 .

[17]  J. M. Burkstrand.  Core‐level spectra of chromium and nickel atoms on polystyrene , 1979 .

[18]  David T. Clark,et al.  Applications of ESCA to polymer chemistry. XVII. Systematic investigation of the core levels of simple homopolymers , 1978 .

[19]  K. Mittal.  Adhesion aspects of metallization of organic polymer surfaces , 1976 .

[20]  Roger C. Baetzold,et al.  ESCA and molecular orbital studies of small silver particles , 1976 .

[21]  M. Grunze,et al.  Photoemission from palladium particle arrays on an amorphous silica substrate , 1978 .

[22]  G. C. Allen,et al.  X-ray photoelectron/Auger electron spectroscopic study of the initial oxidation of chromium metal , 1978 .

[23]  J. M. Burkstrand.  Unusual core level spectra of copper on polystyrene , 1978 .

[24]  A. W. Czanderna,et al.  Methods of Surface Analysis , 1977 .