Light Scattering from Human Hair Fibers

Light scattering from hair is normally simulated in computer graphics using Kajiya and Kay’s classic phenomenological model. We have made new measurements that exhibit visually significant effects not predicted by Kajiya and Kay’s model. Our measurements go beyond previous hair measurements by examining out-of-plane scattering, and together with this previous work they show a multiple specular highlight and variation in scattering with rotation about the fiber axis. We explain the sources of these effects using a model of a hair fiber as a transparent elliptical cylinder with an absorbing interior and a surface covered with tilted scales. Based on an analytical scattering function for a circular cylinder, we propose a practical shading model for hair that qualitatively matches the scattering behavior shown in the measurements. In a comparison between a photograph and rendered images, we demonstrate the new model’s ability to match the appearance of real hair. CR Categories: I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism—Shading

[1]  W. J. Humphreys,et al.  Physics of the Air , 1929, Nature.

[2]  R. Tricker.  Introduction To Meteorological Optics , 1970 .

[3]  D. Marcuse.  Light scattering from elliptical fibers. , 1974, Applied optics.

[4]  R. Stamm,et al.  The optical properties of human hair I. Fundamental considerations and goniophotometer curves , 1977 .

[5]  James T. Kajiya,et al.  Anisotropic reflection models , 1985, SIGGRAPH.

[6]  James T. Kajiya,et al.  Rendering fur with three dimensional textures , 1989, SIGGRAPH.

[7]  Pierre Poulin,et al.  A model for anisotropic reflection , 1990, SIGGRAPH.

[8]  R. Smith,et al.  Investigation into the scattering of light by human hair. , 1991, Applied optics.

[9]  Yasuhiko Watanabe,et al.  A trigonal prism-based method for hair image generation , 1992, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[10]  C. Robbins.  Chemical and Physical Behavior of Human Hair , 1994, Springer New York.

[11]  Alexei Sourin,et al.  Using real functions with application to hair modelling , 1996, Comput. Graph..

[12]  Dan B. Goldman.  Fake fur rendering , 1997, SIGGRAPH.

[13]  C. Adler,et al.  Rainbow scattering by a cylinder with a nearly elliptical cross section. , 1998, Applied optics.

[14]  P. Marston,et al.  Scattering observations for tilted transparent fibers: evolution of airy caustics with cylinder tilt and the caustic merging transition. , 1998, Applied optics.

[15]  Mitsuru Ishizuka,et al.  A system of 3D hair style synthesis based on the wisp model , 1999, The Visual Computer.

[16]  Waiming Kong,et al.  Visible volume buffer for efficient hair expression and shadow generation , 1999, Proceedings Computer Animation 1999.

[17]  Tom Lokovic,et al.  Deep shadow maps , 2000, SIGGRAPH.

[18]  Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann,et al.  Interactive Hair Styler based on Fluid Flow , 2000, Computer Animation and Simulation.

[19]  Masayuki Nakajima,et al.  Hair rendering by jittering and pseudo shadow , 2000, Proceedings Computer Graphics International 2000.

[20]  Ulrich Neumann,et al.  A thin shell volume for modeling human hair , 2000, Proceedings Computer Animation 2000.

[21]  Zhan Xu,et al.  V-HairStudio: An Interactive Tool for Hair Design , 2001, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[22]  Ulrich Neumann,et al.  Opacity Shadow Maps , 2001, Rendering Techniques.

[23]  Ulrich Neumann,et al.  Modeling, rendering and animating human hair , 2002 .

[24]  Baining Guo,et al.  Interactive multiresolution hair modeling and editing , 2002, ACM Trans. Graph..

[25]  Yizhou Yu,et al.  A practical model for hair mutual interactions , 2002, SCA '02.