Inner-shell spectroscopy by the Gaussian and augmented plane wave method.

We present an approach for calculating near-edge X-ray absorption spectra at the density functional theory level, which is suited for condensed matter simulations. The method is based on the standard solution of the all-electron KS equations with a modified core-hole potential, which reproduces the relaxation of the orbitals induced by the promotion of the core electron to an unoccupied valence level. The all-electron description of the charge density is based on the Gaussian and augmented plane wave formalism. The reliability of the proposed method is assessed by comparing the computed spectra of some small molecules in the gas phase to the experimental spectra reported in literature. The sensitivity of the computed spectra to the local environment, i.e. the specific bonds formed by the absorbing atom or the presence of hydrogen bonds, open promising perspective for this technique as a predictive tool in the investigation of a more complex system of an unknown structure. The straightforward extension of the method to condensed matter is demonstrated by the calculation of the C K-edge in diamond.

[1]  Roberto Car,et al.  Calculation of near-edge x-ray-absorption fine structure at finite temperatures: spectral signatures of hydrogen bond breaking in liquid water. , 2004, The Journal of chemical physics.

[2]  Anders Nilsson,et al.  X-ray absorption spectra of water within a plane-wave Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics framework. , 2004, The Journal of chemical physics.

[3]  H. Ågren,et al.  Innershell absorption spectroscopy of amino acids , 2002 .

[4]  H. Ågren,et al.  Direct, atomic orbital, static exchange calculations of photoabsorption spectra of large molecules and clusters , 1994 .

[5]  N. Marzari,et al.  Maximally localized generalized Wannier functions for composite energy bands , 1997, cond-mat/9707145.

[6]  M. Nelhiebel,et al.  Theory of orientation-sensitive near-edge fine-structure core-level spectroscopy , 1999 .

[7]  W. Kohn,et al.  Self-Consistent Equations Including Exchange and Correlation Effects , 1965 .

[8]  E. Gross,et al.  Density-Functional Theory for Time-Dependent Systems , 1984 .

[9]  Parr,et al.  Development of the Colle-Salvetti correlation-energy formula into a functional of the electron density. , 1988, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[10]  L. Pettersson,et al.  X-ray absorption spectroscopy of liquid methanol microjets: bulk electronic structure and hydrogen bonding network. , 2005, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[11]  Marcella Iannuzzi,et al.  Ground and excited state density functional calculations with the Gaussian and augmented-plane-wave method , 2005 .

[12]  Blöchl,et al.  Projector augmented-wave method. , 1994, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[13]  Shigeru Obara,et al.  Efficient recursive computation of molecular integrals over Cartesian Gaussian functions , 1986 .

[14]  Richard J. Saykally,et al.  Energetics of Hydrogen Bond Network Rearrangements in Liquid Water , 2004, Science.

[15]  T. H. Dunning Gaussian basis sets for use in correlated molecular calculations. I. The atoms boron through neon and hydrogen , 1989 .

[16]  M. Payne,et al.  Cubic boron nitride: Experimental and theoretical energy-loss near-edge structure , 2001 .

[17]  Burke,et al.  Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple. , 1996, Physical review letters.

[18]  J. C. Slater,et al.  Self-Consistent-Field X α Cluster Method for Polyatomic Molecules and Solids , 1972 .

[19]  Michele Parrinello,et al.  Quickstep: Fast and accurate density functional calculations using a mixed Gaussian and plane waves approach , 2005, Comput. Phys. Commun..

[20]  J. Janak,et al.  Proof that ? E /? n i =e in density-functional theory , 1978 .

[21]  K. Kaznatcheev,et al.  Inner-Shell Excitation Spectroscopy of the Peptide Bond: Comparison of the C 1s, N 1s, and O 1s Spectra of Glycine, Glycyl-Glycine, and Glycyl-Glycyl-Glycine , 2003 .

[22]  A. Becke,et al.  Density-functional exchange-energy approximation with correct asymptotic behavior. , 1988, Physical review. A, General physics.

[23]  Michele Parrinello,et al.  The Gaussian and augmented-plane-wave density functional method for ab initio molecular dynamics simulations , 1999 .

[24]  P. Decleva,et al.  Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Calculations of Ligand K Edge and Metal L Edge X-ray Absorption of a Series of Oxomolybdenum Complexes , 2004 .

[25]  Giulia Galli,et al.  X-ray absorption spectra of water from first principles calculations. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[26]  A. D. McLean,et al.  Contracted Gaussian basis sets for molecular calculations. I. Second row atoms, Z=11–18 , 1980 .

[27]  H. Ågren,et al.  Detailed study of pyridine at the C 1s and N 1s ionization thresholds: The influence of the vibrational fine structure , 2001 .

[28]  Hans Ågren,et al.  Calculations of near-edge x-ray-absorption spectra of gas-phase and chemisorbed molecules by means of density-functional and transition-potential theory , 1998 .

[29]  Mathieu Taillefumier,et al.  X-ray absorption near-edge structure calculations with the pseudopotentials: Application to the K edge in diamond and α-quartz , 2002 .

[30]  Anders Nilsson,et al.  Half or full core hole in density functional theory X-ray absorption spectrum calculations of water? , 2005, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[31]  J. Pople,et al.  Self—Consistent Molecular Orbital Methods. XII. Further Extensions of Gaussian—Type Basis Sets for Use in Molecular Orbital Studies of Organic Molecules , 1972 .

[32]  A. Nilsson Applications of core level spectroscopy to adsorbates , 2002 .

[33]  R. Resta,et al.  Quantum-Mechanical Position Operator in Extended Systems , 1998 .

[34]  G. Allen NMR – Basic Principles and Progress Vol 6 , 1973 .

[35]  G. G. Stokes "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[36]  Johnson,et al.  Soft-x-ray resonant inelastic scattering at the C K edge of diamond. , 1992, Physical review letters.

[37]  R. Car,et al.  Reconstruction of frozen-core all-electron orbitals from pseudo-orbitals , 2001 .

[38]  P. Wernet,et al.  The Structure of the First Coordination Shell in Liquid Water , 2004, Science.