Tumor-Specific Antigens and Immunologic Adjuvants in Cancer Immunotherapy

T cell-based cancer immunotherapy relies on advancements made over the last 20 years on the molecular mechanisms underlying the antigenicity of tumors. This review focuses on human tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes, particularly the reasons why some are tumor-specific but others are not, and on the immunologic adjuvants used in clinical trials on therapeutic vaccination with defined tumor antigens.

[1]  F. Marincola,et al.  gp100 peptide vaccine and interleukin-2 in patients with advanced melanoma. , 2011, The New England journal of medicine.

[2]  B. J. Van den Eynde,et al.  Insights into the processing of MHC class I ligands gained from the study of human tumor epitopes , 2011, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences.

[3]  J. Wargo,et al.  A TCR Targeting the HLA-A*0201–Restricted Epitope of MAGE-A3 Recognizes Multiple Epitopes of the MAGE-A Antigen Superfamily in Several Types of Cancer , 2011, The Journal of Immunology.

[4]  W. Uckert,et al.  MHC-restricted fratricide of human lymphocytes expressing survivin-specific transgenic T cell receptors. , 2010, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[5]  R. Coffman,et al.  Vaccine adjuvants: putting innate immunity to work. , 2010, Immunity.

[6]  P. McEwan,et al.  Leucine-rich repeat protein PRAME: expression, potential functions and clinical implications for leukaemia , 2010, Molecular Cancer.

[7]  K. Flaherty,et al.  Inhibition of mutated, activated BRAF in metastatic melanoma. , 2010, The New England journal of medicine.

[8]  C. Drake.  Prostate cancer as a model for tumour immunotherapy , 2010, Nature Reviews Immunology.

[9]  P. Kantoff,et al.  Sipuleucel-T immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer. , 2010, The New England journal of medicine.

[10]  K. Flaherty,et al.  Selective BRAFV600E inhibition enhances T-cell recognition of melanoma without affecting lymphocyte function. , 2010, Cancer research.

[11]  S. Rosenberg,et al.  Case report of a serious adverse event following the administration of T cells transduced with a chimeric antigen receptor recognizing ERBB2. , 2010, Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy.

[12]  A. Iwasaki,et al.  Regulation of Adaptive Immunity by the Innate Immune System , 2010, Science.

[13]  Tom Royce,et al.  A comprehensive catalogue of somatic mutations from a human cancer genome , 2010, Nature.

[14]  S. H. van der Burg,et al.  Vaccination against HPV-16 oncoproteins for vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. , 2009, The New England journal of medicine.

[15]  M. Ross,et al.  Effect of Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor on Circulating CD8+ and CD4+ T-Cell Responses to a Multipeptide Melanoma Vaccine: Outcome of a Multicenter Randomized Trial , 2009, Clinical Cancer Research.

[16]  D. Moss,et al.  Novel Approach to the Formulation of an Epstein-Barr Virus Antigen-Based Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Vaccine , 2009, Journal of Virology.

[17]  H. Hausen,et al.  The search for infectious causes of human cancers: where and why. , 2009, Virology.

[18]  B. Mirakhur,et al.  MAGRIT: the largest-ever phase III lung cancer trial aims to establish a novel tumor-specific approach to therapy. , 2009, Clinical lung cancer.

[19]  Pramod K. Srivastava,et al.  Modeling the Repertoire of True Tumor-Specific MHC I Epitopes in a Human Tumor , 2009, PloS one.

[20]  G. Dranoff,et al.  Role of GM-CSF signaling in cell-based tumor immunization. , 2009, Blood.

[21]  S. Rosenberg,et al.  Ocular and systemic autoimmunity after successful tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte immunotherapy for recurrent, metastatic melanoma. , 2009, Ophthalmology.

[22]  Oliver Hofmann,et al.  Genome-wide analysis of cancer/testis gene expression , 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[23]  S. Rosenberg,et al.  Adoptive cell therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma: evaluation of intensive myeloablative chemoradiation preparative regimens. , 2008, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[24]  B. Dréno,et al.  MELOE-1 is a new antigen overexpressed in melanomas and involved in adoptive T cell transfer efficiency , 2008, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[25]  Jianhong Cao,et al.  Treatment of metastatic melanoma with autologous CD4+ T cells against NY-ESO-1. , 2008, The New England journal of medicine.

[26]  S. Rosenberg,et al.  Effective tumor treatment targeting a melanoma/melanocyte-associated antigen triggers severe ocular autoimmunity , 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[27]  I. Kawase,et al.  WT1 peptide vaccine for the treatment of cancer. , 2008, Current opinion in immunology.

[28]  K. Kinzler,et al.  Epitope landscape in breast and colorectal cancer. , 2008, Cancer research.

[29]  A. Sparks,et al.  The Genomic Landscapes of Human Breast and Colorectal Cancers , 2007, Science.

[30]  D. Lowy,et al.  Prevention of cancer through immunization: Prospects and challenges for the 21st century , 2007, European journal of immunology.

[31]  D. Mavroudis,et al.  Vaccination of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with an optimized cryptic human telomerase reverse transcriptase peptide. , 2007, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[32]  G. Parmiani,et al.  Unique Human Tumor Antigens: Immunobiology and Use in Clinical Trials1 , 2007, The Journal of Immunology.

[33]  Hans-Georg Rammensee,et al.  Distorted Relation between mRNA Copy Number and Corresponding Major Histocompatibility Complex Ligand Density on the Cell Surface*S , 2007, Molecular & Cellular Proteomics.

[34]  S. Rosenberg,et al.  Cancer Regression in Patients After Transfer of Genetically Engineered Lymphocytes , 2006, Science.

[35]  I. S. Dunn,et al.  Role of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway in the Regulation of Human Melanocytic Antigen Expression , 2006, Molecular Cancer Research.

[36]  D. Jäger,et al.  Recombinant vaccinia/fowlpox NY-ESO-1 vaccines induce both humoral and cellular NY-ESO-1-specific immune responses in cancer patients , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[37]  D. Speiser,et al.  Tumoral and immunologic response after vaccination of melanoma patients with an ALVAC virus encoding MAGE antigens recognized by T cells. , 2005, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[38]  R. Ferris,et al.  Antitumor activity of human papillomavirus type 16 E7-specific T cells against virally infected squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. , 2005, Cancer research.

[39]  A. Eggermont,et al.  Phase 1/2 study of subcutaneous and intradermal immunization with a recombinant MAGE‐3 protein in patients with detectable metastatic melanoma , 2005, International journal of cancer.

[40]  D. Speiser,et al.  Rapid and strong human CD8+ T cell responses to vaccination with peptide, IFA, and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 7909. , 2005, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[41]  D. Schadendorf,et al.  Immunogenicity of Constitutively Active V599EBRaf , 2004, Cancer Research.

[42]  Mark Shackleton,et al.  Recombinant NY-ESO-1 protein with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant induces broad integrated antibody and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses in humans. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[43]  G. Lizée,et al.  CD4+ T-Cell Recognition of Mutated B-RAF in Melanoma Patients Harboring the V599E Mutation , 2004, Cancer Research.

[44]  C. Lamers,et al.  Immunologic Analysis of a Phase I/II Study of Vaccination with MAGE-3 Protein Combined with the AS02B Adjuvant in Patients with MAGE-3-Positive Tumors , 2004, Journal of immunotherapy.

[45]  Yao-Tseng Chen,et al.  Vaccine-Induced CD4+ T Cell Responses to MAGE-3 Protein in Lung Cancer Patients1 , 2004, The Journal of Immunology.

[46]  W. Hahn,et al.  Vaccination of Cancer Patients Against Telomerase Induces Functional Antitumor CD8+ T Lymphocytes , 2004, Clinical Cancer Research.

[47]  V. Engelhard,et al.  Clinical and immunologic results of a randomized phase II trial of vaccination using four melanoma peptides either administered in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in adjuvant or pulsed on dendritic cells. , 2003, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[48]  C. Figdor,et al.  Maturation of dendritic cells is a prerequisite for inducing immune responses in advanced melanoma patients. , 2003, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[49]  P. Tam,et al.  Immunization with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) peptide-pulsed dendritic cells induces functional CD8+ T-cell immunity and may lead to tumor regression in patients with EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma. , 2002, Cancer research.

[50]  Yao-Tseng Chen,et al.  The SSX gene family: Characterization of 9 complete genes , 2002, International journal of cancer.

[51]  M. Raffeld,et al.  Cancer Regression and Autoimmunity in Patients After Clonal Repopulation with Antitumor Lymphocytes , 2002, Science.

[52]  Jonathan J. Lewis,et al.  T-cell responses against tyrosinase 368-376(370D) peptide in HLA*A0201+ melanoma patients: randomized trial comparing incomplete Freund's adjuvant, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and QS-21 as immunological adjuvants. , 2002, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[53]  S. Bézieau,et al.  A ras-Mutated Peptide Targeted by CTL Infiltrating a Human Melanoma Lesion1 , 2002, The Journal of Immunology.

[54]  V. Engelhard,et al.  Phase I trial of a melanoma vaccine with gp100(280-288) peptide and tetanus helper peptide in adjuvant: immunologic and clinical outcomes. , 2001, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[55]  M. Bertrand,et al.  An overview of the MAGE gene family with the identification of all human members of the family. , 2001, Cancer research.

[56]  F. Fallarino,et al.  Immunization of HLA-A2+ melanoma patients with MAGE-3 or MelanA peptide-pulsed autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells plus recombinant human interleukin 12. , 2001, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[57]  A. Enk,et al.  Vaccination with Mage-3a1 Peptide–Pulsed Mature, Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Expands Specific Cytotoxic T Cells and Induces Regression of Some Metastases in Advanced Stage IV Melanoma , 1999, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[58]  Thierry Boon,et al.  DNA Methylation Is the Primary Silencing Mechanism for a Set of Germ Line- and Tumor-Specific Genes with a CpG-Rich Promoter , 1999, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[59]  F. Marincola,et al.  Impact of cytokine administration on the generation of antitumor reactivity in patients with metastatic melanoma receiving a peptide vaccine. , 1999, Journal of immunology.

[60]  P. Coulie,et al.  Tumor regressions observed in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with an antigenic peptide encoded by gene MAGE‐3 and presented by HLA‐A1 , 1999, International journal of cancer.

[61]  L. Michaux,et al.  LAGE‐1, a new gene with tumor specificity , 1998, International journal of cancer.

[62]  F. Lemonnier,et al.  Cytotoxic T cell response against the chimeric p210 BCR-ABL protein in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. , 1998, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[63]  Yao-Tseng Chen,et al.  A testicular antigen aberrantly expressed in human cancers detected by autologous antibody screening. , 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[64]  P. Coulie,et al.  Characterization of an antigen that is recognized on a melanoma showing partial HLA loss by CTL expressing an NK inhibitory receptor. , 1997, Immunity.

[65]  O. de Backer,et al.  The activation of human gene MAGE-1 in tumor cells is correlated with genome-wide demethylation. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[66]  M. Serrano,et al.  A p16INK4a-insensitive CDK4 mutant targeted by cytolytic T lymphocytes in a human melanoma , 1995, Science.

[67]  P. Coulie,et al.  A mutated intron sequence codes for an antigenic peptide recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes on a human melanoma. , 1995, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[68]  M. Herlyn,et al.  Melanoma cells and normal melanocytes share antigens recognized by HLA- A2-restricted cytotoxic T cell clones from melanoma patients , 1993, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[69]  P. Chomez,et al.  A gene encoding an antigen recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes on a human melanoma. , 1991, Science.

[70]  T. Boon,et al.  Structure of the gene of tum− transplantation antigen P91A: The mutated exon encodes a peptide recognized with Ld by cytolytic T cells , 1989, Cell.

[71]  P. Bruggen,et al.  Peptide database of T-cell defined tumor antigens , 2013 .

[72]  L. Old,et al.  Expression of cancer-testis (CT) antigens in placenta. , 2007, Cancer immunity.

[73]  M. Jefford,et al.  The impact of imiquimod, a Toll-like receptor-7 ligand (TLR7L), on the immunogenicity of melanoma peptide vaccination with adjuvant Flt3 ligand. , 2004, Cancer immunity.

[74]  V. Sondak,et al.  Granulocyte‐macrophage–colony‐stimulating factor added to a multipeptide vaccine for resected Stage II melanoma , 2003, Cancer.