Particle freeze-out and discontinuities in relativistic hydrodynamics

The freeze-out of particles in relativistic hydrodynamics is considered across a three-dimensional space-time hypersurface. The conservation laws for time-like parts of the freeze-out hypersurface require different values of temperature, baryonic chemical potential and flow velocity in the fluid and in the final particle spectra. We analyse this freeze-out discontinuity and its connection to the shock-wave phenomena in relativistic hydrodynamics.

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