The United States (US) Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is developing alternative position navigation and timing (APNT) technologies to maintain efficient and safe operations even with a degradation of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Several technologies are being studied and developed including terrestrial passive ranging system, upgraded distance measuring equipment (DME) and multilateration (MLAT) based navigation. Terrestrial ranging systems are attractive as they have little capacity constraints and a simpler architecture than the other alternatives. They can also provide additional capabilities such as signal security and precise time reference. Finally, it may be possible to utilize existing FAA infrastructure and signals thus reducing cost and mitigating spectrum concerns. These last two benefits motivate the study presented in this paper.
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