Cycle et rôle du silicium d'origine végétale dans les écosystèmes forestiers tempérés

L a s i l i ce est à la fo is cons t i tuant essent ie l des m i n é r a u x des sols et de la c o m p o s i t i o n m i n é r a l e des v é g é t a u x . E l le est en effet i n tensément recyc lée p a r la végé ta t i on o ù e l le est stockée d a n s les t issus é p i d e r m i q u e s des feu i l les sous f o r m e d ' i n c r u s t a t i o n s s i l i ceuses appe lées phy to l i thes . L 'é tude de cette s i l i ce d ' o r i g i n e végé ta le p e r m e t de d i f f é r e n c i e r les écosystèmes fo res t i e r s et les t eneu rs en s i l i ce f o l i a i r e d o n n e n t des i n f o r m a t i o n s p h y s i o l o g i q u e s , pédogéné t i ques , v o i r e sy l v i co les et a g r o n o m i q u e s , t rès in téressantes. A i n s i , l a t e n e u r en s i l ice f o l i a i r e est un bon i n d i c a t e u r de l a t r a n s p i r a t i o n de la p lan te , et p a r l à , un é l émen t de d i a g n o s t i c p o u r u t i l i ser c e r t a i n e s p r a t i q u e s sy l v i co les d ' i r r i g a t i o n o u d ' éc la i r c i es . D ' a u t r e pa r t , la s i l ice d ' o r i g i n e végé ta le (phy to l i thes) est un bon t r a c e u r de l 'ac t iv i té b i o l o g i q u e des l i t iè res et de l ' h u m u s . A i n s i , les phy to l i thes s ' a c c u m u l e n t d a n s les p o d z o l s , à ac t i v i té b i o l o g i q u e ra l en t i e , o ù e l les f i xen t d a n s les h o r i z o n s s p o d i q u e s Bh une pa r t i e de l 'azo te f a c i l e m e n t access ib l e à l 'ac t iv i té b i o l o g i q u e . A l ' opposé , les phy to l i t hes sont r a p i d e m e n t b i o d é g r a d é s en m i l i e u b i o l o g i q u e m e n t act i f et le s i l i c i um r e n d u a ins i a s s i m i l a b l e p o u r l a v é g é t a t i o n , pe rme t t r a i t d ' a u g m e n t e r la c r o i s s a n c e des p e u p lemen ts f o res t i e r s .

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