In another study, Brendan Cantwell and I (2010) identified ways that Asian postdocs are systematically channeled to unsecure, short-term contracts while White nationals are groomed toward faculty positions [ ]examples over the past 2 years are as follows: * Sweeping political rhetoric of Chinese researchers and graduate students as spies * Visa limits for Chinese graduate students in high-tech fields to 1-5 years * Visa exclusions for those with ties to the Chinese Community Party and Chinese military * FBI-University protocols to monitor Chinese scientists and scholars (Lee & Haupt, 2020a, 2020b) In response, there have been mounting calls from major organizations and university leaders that the federal government is engaging in racial profiling According to Margaret Lewis (2020), a negative stereotype is being built and reinforced that stigmatizes anyone who has any quality of being "likeChina" (Zhang, 2020, para 5) There also have been several high-profile cases of Chinese scientists being wrongfully accused of spying, and although these charges were dropped or the scientists were exonerated, such attempts led to "devastating effects" on the individuals' careers as well as the broader Chinese American scientific community (Committee of 100, 2019)
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