Ultrastrong Graphene Absorption Induced by One-Dimensional Parity-Time Symmetric Photonic Crystal

A novel microcavity structure based on 1-D parity-time (PT) symmetric photonic crystal (PC) is presented to get the embedded monolayer graphene absorption enhanced significantly, which paves a path to achieve ultrastrong, controllable, and anisotropic graphene absorption for incident eigenfrequency wave from near infrared to visible. When oscillation of absorption is at the center of the PT broken phase, because of exact matching usage of gain and loss modulation, and singular strong coupling effects that are induced by the PT symmetric PC behind graphene layer, ultrastrong and nonreciprocal graphene absorption can be obtained, and the maximum could reach the order of 10 $^5$. This approach offers a way to improve the responsivities of graphene-based optodetectors and even to the design of direction sensitive graphene optical communication components.

[1]  Dirk Englund,et al.  Strong enhancement of light-matter interaction in graphene coupled to a photonic crystal nanocavity. , 2012, Nano letters.

[2]  P. Klang,et al.  Microcavity-Integrated Graphene Photodetector , 2011, Nano letters.

[3]  U. Peschel,et al.  Parity–time synthetic photonic lattices , 2012, Nature.

[4]  Hui Cao,et al.  Unidirectional invisibility induced by PT-symmetric periodic structures. , 2011, Physical review letters.

[5]  Yuan Wang,et al.  Unidirectional spectral singularities. , 2014, Physical review letters.

[6]  Andre K. Geim,et al.  Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films , 2004, Science.

[7]  A. Mostafazadeh.  Spectral singularities of complex scattering potentials and infinite reflection and transmission coefficients at real energies. , 2009, Physical review letters.

[8]  Xuefeng Zhu,et al.  PT-symmetric acoustics , 2015 .

[9]  Xue-Feng Zhu,et al.  Defect states and exceptional point splitting in the band gaps of one-dimensional parity-time lattices. , 2015, Optics express.

[10]  Guo Ping Wang,et al.  Extraordinary reflection and transmission with direction dependent wavelength selectivity based on parity-time-symmetric multilayers , 2015 .

[11]  M. Grande,et al.  Nonlinear Control of Absorption in Graphene-based 1D Photonic Crystal , 2013, 1306.4607.

[12]  Li Ge,et al.  Conservation relations and anisotropic transmission resonances in one-dimensional PT-symmetric photonic heterostructures , 2011, 1112.5167.

[13]  F. Schwierz.  Graphene transistors. , 2010, Nature nanotechnology.

[14]  Li Ge,et al.  PT-symmetry breaking and laser-absorber modes in optical scattering systems. , 2010, Physical review letters.

[15]  Ya-Xi Shen,et al.  Bound states in one-dimensional acoustic parity-time-symmetric lattices for perfect sensing , 2016 .

[16]  A. Ferrari,et al.  Graphene Photonics and Optoelectroncs , 2010, CLEO 2012.

[17]  Vilson R. Almeida,et al.  Experimental demonstration of a unidirectional reflectionless parity-time metamaterial at optical frequencies. , 2013, Nature materials.

[18]  Yugui Peng,et al.  Anisotropic reflection oscillation in periodic multilayer structures of parity-time symmetry. , 2014, Optics express.

[19]  P. Yeh,et al.  Electromagnetic propagation in periodic stratified media. I. General theory , 1977 .

[20]  D. Basko,et al.  Graphene mode-locked ultrafast laser. , 2009, ACS nano.

[21]  Xue-Feng Zhu,et al.  P T -Symmetric Acoustics , 2014 .

[22]  Z. Musslimani,et al.  Theory of coupled optical PT-symmetric structures. , 2007, Optics letters.

[23]  Jiang-Tao Liu,et al.  Enhanced absorption of graphene with one-dimensional photonic crystal , 2012 .

[24]  F. Xia,et al.  Ultrafast graphene photodetector , 2009, CLEO/QELS: 2010 Laser Science to Photonic Applications.

[25]  Shanhui Fan,et al.  Approaching total absorption at near infrared in a large area monolayer graphene by critical coupling , 2014 .

[26]  A. Alú,et al.  Atomically thin surface cloak using graphene monolayers. , 2011, ACS nano.

[27]  C. Bender,et al.  Real Spectra in Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians Having PT Symmetry , 1997, physics/9712001.

[28]  Z. Q. Zhang,et al.  Coalescence of exceptional points and phase diagrams for one-dimensional PT -symmetric photonic crystals , 2015, 1509.07948.

[29]  Yang Wu,et al.  Measurement of the optical conductivity of graphene. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[30]  Shanhui Fan,et al.  Total Absorption in a Graphene Monolayer in the Optical Regime by Critical Coupling with a Photonic Crystal Guided Resonance , 2014 .

[31]  N. Dai,et al.  Enhanced visibility of graphene: Effect of one-dimensional photonic crystal , 2007, 0710.2447.