Characterization, ecological and health risks of DDTs and HCHs in water from a large shallow Chinese lake

Abstract The levels of dichloro diphenyl trichloroethanes (DDTs) and hexachlorocyolohexanes (HCHs) in water from Lake Chaohu were measured. The residues, possible sources and potential ecological and health risks of these compounds were analyzed. The results show that the contents of total DDTs and HCHs in the water varied from 1.52 to 21.79 and from 1.58 to 31.66 ng L − 1 , respectively, which were higher than those in other Chinese lakes. The main sources of HCHs and DDTs were lindane and technical DDT, respectively. The o,p′-DDT/p,p′-DDT ratios indicated the new illegal inputs of DDT in all studied inflow rivers and some lake areas. The MOS10 (margin of safety) values suggested that the Lake was facing a potential ecological risks from p,p′-DDT, whereas the risk of γ-HCH was small. Both carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks of DDTs and HCHs associated with the water use were very low.

[1]  P. Fürst,et al.  Human milk as a bioindicator for body burden of PCDDs, PCDFs, organochlorine pesticides, and PCBs. , 1994, Environmental health perspectives.

[2]  Yang Lihua,et al.  ANTHROPOGENIC ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN WATER AND SURFACE SEDIMENTS OF LARGE SHALLOW EUTROPHIC CHAOHU LAKE, CHINA , 2009 .

[3]  Paolo Crosignani,et al.  Health effects for the population living near a cement plant: an epidemiological assessment. , 2012, Environment international.

[4]  Tao Wang,et al.  Organochlorine pesticides in the atmosphere of Guangzhou and Hong Kong : Regional sources and long-range atmospheric transport , 2007 .

[5]  X C Wang,et al.  Organo-chlorine pesticide (DDT and HCH) residues in the Taihu Lake Region and its movement in soil-water system I. Field survey of DDT and HCH residues in ecosystem of the region. , 2003, Chemosphere.

[6]  R W Dawson,et al.  Lake ecosystem health assessment: indicators and methods. , 2001, Water research.

[7]  R K Hitch,et al.  Unusual persistence of DDT in some Western USA soils , 1992, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[8]  S. Tao,et al.  Spatial and temporal variations and possible sources of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites in rivers in Tianjin, China. , 2007, Chemosphere.

[9]  R. Serrano,et al.  Seasonal Trends and Tissue Distribution of Organochlorine Pollutants in Wild and Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) from the Western Mediterranean Sea and Their Relationship with Environmental and Biological Factors , 2009, Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[10]  T. O. Said,et al.  Organochlorine Contaminants in Water, Sediment and Fish of Lake Burullus, Egyptian Mediterranean Sea , 2008, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[11]  E. Caldas,et al.  Organochlorine Pesticides in Water, Sediment, and Fish of Paranoá Lake of Brasilia, Brazil , 1999, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[12]  Xiaojun Luo,et al.  Concentrations and Accumulation Features of Organochlorine Pesticides in the Baiyangdian Lake Freshwater Food Web of North China , 2010, Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[13]  Lorenzo Tomatis,et al.  Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT): ubiquity, persistence, and risks. , 2002, Environmental health perspectives.

[14]  Andrea E. Ulrich,et al.  Differential Toxicity and Environmental Fates of Hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers , 1998 .

[15]  Jun Cao,et al.  Organochlorine pesticides contaminated surface soil as reemission source in the Haihe Plain, China. , 2008, Environmental science & technology.

[16]  C. R. Cothern,et al.  Estimating risk to human health. , 1986, Environmental science & technology.

[17]  Kevin C Jones,et al.  Measurement of DDT fluxes from a historically treated agricultural soil in Canada. , 2006, Environmental science & technology.

[18]  Suja P. Devipriya,et al.  Photocatalytic degradation of pesticide contaminants in water , 2005 .

[19]  Christopher H. Marvin,et al.  Spatial Distributions and Temporal Trends in Sediment Contamination in Lake St. Clair , 2007 .

[20]  Nobuyoshi Yamashita,et al.  Organochlorine Pesticides in Water, Sediment and Fish from the Nile River and Manzala Lake in Egypt , 2000 .

[21]  W. Thiemann,et al.  Contamination by selected chlorinated pesticides in surface waters in Hanoi, Vietnam. , 2002, Chemosphere.

[22]  V. Sharma,et al.  HCH and DDT Contamination of Rural Ponds of India , 1996, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[23]  J. Tarazona,et al.  Probabilistic ecological risk assessment of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at a former industrial contaminated site. , 2005, Environmental science & technology.

[24]  Zhang Wei.  A preliminary study of organochlorine pesticides in water and sediments from two Tibetan lakes , 2003 .

[25]  William R Fraser,et al.  Melting glaciers: a probable source of DDT to the Antarctic marine ecosystem. , 2008, Environmental science & technology.

[26]  J. Sericano,et al.  Chlorinated pesticide occurrence in the Uruguay River (Argentina-Uruguay) , 1994 .

[27]  Rongbing Zhou,et al.  Levels and source of organochlorine pesticides in surface waters of Qiantang River, China , 2007, Environmental monitoring and assessment.

[28]  Caliphs Zvinowanda,et al.  Determination of DDT and Metabolites in Surface Water and Sediment Using LLE, SPE, ACE and SE , 2009, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[29]  Peter Fürst,et al.  Human milk as a bioindicator for body burden of PCDDs, PCDFs, organochlorine pesticides, and PCBs. , 1994 .

[30]  R. Tatsukawa,et al.  A new view on the divergence of HCH isomer compositions in oceanic air , 1993 .

[31]  Robert M. Deiters.  Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD). , 1968 .

[32]  S. Tao,et al.  Organochlorine pesticides in agricultural soil and vegetables from Tianjin, China. , 2005, Environmental science & technology.

[33]  J. Zhou,et al.  Organochlorine micropollutants in the Jiulong River Estuary and Western Xiamen Sea, China. , 2005, Marine pollution bulletin.

[34]  L. Tuxen,et al.  Integrated risk information system (IRIS) , 1990 .

[35]  Jun Xu,et al.  Metals in Surface Sediments of Large Shallow Eutrophic Lake Chaohu, China , 2007, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[36]  Jun Cao,et al.  Multimedia fate model for hexachlorocyclohexane in Tianjin, China. , 2004, Environmental science & technology.

[37]  Zhang Yan,et al.  Health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds in water of Beijing Guanting Reservoir. , 2009 .

[38]  Elizabeth Southerland,et al.  Technical Support Document for Water Quality-based Toxics Control , 1991 .

[39]  Liang Jian,et al.  Water Environmental Health Risk Assessment in Lake Sources of Drinking Water , 2010 .

[40]  Ta Na,et al.  The Status of Pesticide Residues in the Drinking Water Sources in Meiliangwan Bay, Taihu Lake of China , 2006, Environmental monitoring and assessment.

[41]  D. Welch,et al.  Studies in the grazing of heather moorland in north-east Scotland. III: Floristics , 1984 .

[42]  Nasrul Hamidin,et al.  Human health risk assessment of chlorinated disinfection by-products in drinking water using a probabilistic approach. , 2008, Water research.

[43]  K. Motosugi,et al.  Microbial degradation of synthetic organochlorine compounds , 1983, Experientia.

[44]  Sven Erik Jørgensen,et al.  Modeling the effects of ecological engineering on ecosystem health of a shallow eutrophic Chinese lake (Lake Chao) , 1999 .

[45]  Glenn W. Suter,et al.  General Introduction to Species Sensitivity Distributions , 2001 .

[46]  Yonglong Lu,et al.  Classification and ordination of DDT and HCH in soil samples from the Guanting Reservoir, China. , 2005, Chemosphere.

[47]  S. Snedeker,et al.  Pesticides and breast cancer risk: a review of DDT, DDE, and dieldrin. , 2001, Environmental health perspectives.

[48]  E Zeiger,et al.  Ability of short-term tests to predict carcinogenesis in rodents. , 1990, Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology.

[49]  Shinsuke Tanabe,et al.  Persistent organochlorine residues in air, water, sediments, and soils from the lake baikal region, Russia. , 1995, Environmental science & technology.

[50]  Kun Shu,et al.  Assessment of heavy metal pollution in estuarine surface sediments of Tangxi River in Chaohu Lake Basin , 2010 .