Experimental and numerical study on heat transfer performance of three-dimensional natural convection in an enclosure filled with DWCNTs-water nanofluid

Abstract Three-dimensional natural convection in a cuboid enclosure filled with DWCNTs-water nanofluid is studied. The heat transfer performance due to convective flow of nanofluid inside the enclosure at different temperature differences between side hot and cold walls (ΔT = 20 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C and 50 °C) is analyzed experimentally and numerically. A setup has been manufactured to test the natural convection phenomenon within the enclosure. Moreover, in this work, the utilized nanofluid is prepared, the thermo-physical properties, thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity, of the nanofluid are measured experimentally by means of modern measuring devices. The DWCNTs-water nanofluid is obtained in different solid volume fraction of 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.5%, and thermo-physical properties have been measured in all solid volume fraction and temperature range of 300 to 340. The 3D computational study utilizing finite volume approach is performed with similar boundary condition with experimental setup and experimental properties of nanofluid to validate the experimental data. Height, length and depth of the enclosure are equal to 100 mm. the left and right side walls have constant and uniform hot and cold temperature respectively, and the other walls are insulated. The constant temperature of side walls is obtained by water channel supplied by circulating water bathes. The temperature of side walls is measured by nine LM-35 temperature sensors, and the temperature of nanofluid is measured by means of PT100 thermocouples inserting from watertight circular slots from back of enclosure. The numerical and experimental results are compared and a good consistency is observed. The temperature distribution between side walls at the mid-height of the enclosure, average heat transfer coefficient and average Nusselt number are presented for different Rayleigh numbers and solid volume fractions.

[1]  Nor Azwadi Che Sidik,et al.  Simulation of natural convection and entropy generation of non-Newtonian nanofluid in an inclined cavity using Buongiorno's mathematical model (Part II, entropy generation) , 2017 .

[2]  Gh.R. Kefayati,et al.  Heat transfer and entropy generation of natural convection on non-Newtonian nanofluids in a porous cavity , 2016 .

[3]  Mohammad Mehdi Rashidi,et al.  Two-phase mixture modeling of mixed convection of nanofluids in a square cavity with internal and external heating , 2015 .

[4]  A. Turgut,et al.  Thermal characteristics and performance of Ag-water nanofluid: Application to natural circulation loops , 2017 .

[5]  Pravez Alam,et al.  Numerical investigation of natural convection in a rectangular enclosure due to partial heating and cooling at vertical walls , 2012 .

[6]  John L. Wright,et al.  Flow visualization of natural convection in a tall, air-filled vertical cavity , 2006 .

[7]  A. Hamidi,et al.  The effects of temperature, volume fraction and vibration time on the thermo-physical properties of a carbon nanotube suspension (carbon nanofluid) , 2008, Nanotechnology.

[8]  M. Darwish,et al.  NATURAL CONVECTION IN A PARTITIONED TRAPEZOIDAL CAVITY HEATED FROM THE SIDE , 2003 .

[9]  F. Garoosi,et al.  Numerical simulation of mixed convection of the nanofluid in heat exchangers using a Buongiorno model , 2015 .

[10]  Davood Domiri Ganji,et al.  Application of LBM in simulation of natural convection in a nanofluid filled square cavity with curve boundaries , 2013 .

[11]  Lioua Kolsi,et al.  Natural convection analysis by entropy generation and heatline visualization using lattice Boltzmann method in nanofluid filled cavity included with internal heaters- Empirical thermo-physical properties , 2017 .

[12]  Rihani Chokri,et al.  Three-dimensional natural convection of molten Lithium in a differentially heated rotating cubic cavity about a vertical ridge , 2016 .

[13]  R. Kandasamy,et al.  Lorentz forces and nanoparticle shape on water based Cu, Al2O3 and SWCNTs , 2017 .

[14]  Seok Pil Jang,et al.  Flow and convective heat transfer characteristics of water-based Al2O3 nanofluids in fully developed laminar flow regime , 2009 .

[15]  Mohammad Mehdi Rashidi,et al.  Numerical study of natural convection heat transfer in a heat exchanger filled with nanofluids , 2016 .

[16]  C. Sasmal.  Effects of axis ratio, nanoparticle volume fraction and its size on the momentum and heat transfer phenomena from an elliptic cylinder in water-based CuO nanofluids , 2017 .

[17]  Mahmoud Salari,et al.  Natural convection in a rectangular enclosure filled by two immiscible fluids of air and Al2O3-water nanofluid heated partially from side walls , 2017, Alexandria Engineering Journal.

[18]  Tanmay Basak,et al.  Entropy generation vs energy flow due to natural convection in a trapezoidal cavity with isothermal and non-isothermal hot bottom wall , 2012 .

[19]  Mahmoud Salari,et al.  Three dimensional simulation of natural convection and entropy generation in an air and MWCNT/water nanofluid filled cuboid as two immiscible fluids with emphasis on the nanofluid height ratio's effects , 2017 .

[20]  C. Zou,et al.  Experimental investigation on stability and thermal conductivity of diathermic oil based TiO2 nanofluids , 2017 .

[21]  Mohammad Jamialahmadi,et al.  The boiling performance of ZnO, α-Al2O3 and MWCNTs/water nanofluids: An experimental study , 2017 .

[22]  Mohammad Mehdi Rashidi,et al.  Two phase simulation of natural convection and mixed convection of the nanofluid in a square cavity , 2015 .

[23]  Najib Laraqi,et al.  Transient natural convection in parallelogrammic enclosures with isothermal hot wall. Experimental and numerical study applied to on-board electronics , 2010 .

[24]  Najib Laraqi,et al.  Numerical and experimental study of natural convection in tilted parallelepipedic cavities for large Rayleigh numbers , 2007 .

[25]  A. Asadi,et al.  The effect of surfactant and sonication time on the stability and thermal conductivity of water-based nanofluid containing Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles: An experimental investigation , 2017 .

[26]  A. Kasaeian,et al.  Investigating the convection heat transfer of Fe3O4 nanofluid in a porous metal foam tube under constant magnetic field , 2017 .

[27]  Kamel Hooman,et al.  Numerical simulation of natural convection and mixed convection of the nanofluid in a square cavity using Buongiorno model , 2014 .

[28]  Mohammad Mehdi Rashidi,et al.  Numerical study of heat transfer performance of nanofluids in a heat exchanger , 2016 .

[29]  Mohammad Mehdi Rashidi,et al.  Numerical simulation of natural convection of the nanofluid in heat exchangers using a Buongiorno model , 2015, Appl. Math. Comput..

[30]  Bakhtier Farouk,et al.  A numerical study of three-dimensional natural convection in a differentially heated cubical enclosure , 1991 .

[31]  Mahmoud Salari,et al.  Experimental and numerical investigation of natural convection in a rectangular cuboid filled by two immiscible fluids , 2017 .

[32]  F. Garoosi,et al.  Numerical study of natural and mixed convection heat transfer between differentially heated cylinders in an adiabatic enclosure filled with nanofluid , 2016 .

[33]  Mohammad Hadi Hajmohammad,et al.  Optimization, modeling and accurate prediction of thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of stabilized ethylene glycol and water mixture Al2O3 nanofluids by NSGA-II using ANN , 2017 .

[34]  Abbas Kasaeipoor,et al.  Lattice Boltzmann simulation of natural convection and entropy generation in cavities filled with nanofluid in existence of internal rigid bodies-Experimental thermo-physical properties , 2017 .

[35]  A. Rashidi,et al.  Experimental investigation of turbulent flow and convective heat transfer characteristics of alumina water nanofluids in fully developed flow regime , 2012 .

[36]  Takeo S. Saitoh,et al.  Benchmark solutions for natural convection in a cubic cavity using the high-order time–space method , 2004 .

[37]  Experimental study of nanoparticles distribution in natural convection of Al2O3-water nanofluid in a square cavity , 2017 .

[38]  Ali J. Chamkha,et al.  Transient natural convective heat transfer in a trapezoidal cavity filled with non-Newtonian nanofluid with sinusoidal boundary conditions on both sidewalls , 2017 .

[39]  Ahmed Omri,et al.  Lattice Boltzmann analysis of MHD natural convection of CuO-water nanofluid in inclined C-shaped enclosures under the effect of nanoparticles Brownian motion , 2017 .

[40]  Catalin Popa,et al.  Numerical simulation of dynamical aspects of natural convection flow in a double-skin façade , 2012 .

[41]  Mahmoud Salari,et al.  Three-dimensional numerical analysis of the natural convection and entropy generation of MWCNTs-H2O and air as two immiscible fluids in a rectangular cuboid with fillet corners , 2017 .

[42]  Saeed Zeinali Heris,et al.  Experimental investigation of oxide nanofluids laminar flow convective heat transfer , 2006 .

[43]  Rahmat Ellahi,et al.  Effects of wavy surface characteristics on natural convection heat transfer in a cosine corrugated square cavity filled with nanofluid , 2017 .

[44]  H. Karataş,et al.  Natural convection in rectangular cavities with one active vertical wall , 2017 .

[45]  Vitor A. F. Costa,et al.  Empirical correlations at high Ra for steady-state free convection in 2D air-filled parallelogrammic enclosures with isothermal discrete heat sources , 2010 .

[46]  Lioua Kolsi,et al.  Free convection heat transfer and entropy generation analysis of MWCNT-MgO (15% − 85%)/Water nanofluid using Lattice Boltzmann method in cavity with refrigerant solid body-Experimental thermo-physical properties , 2017 .

[47]  Nuri Yucel.  Natural convection in rectangular enclosures with partial heating and cooling , 1994 .

[48]  John C. Patterson,et al.  Natural convection induced by radiation in a water filled square cavity: Experimental observations , 2017 .

[49]  Lioua Kolsi,et al.  Second law analysis of natural convection in a CNT-Water Nanofluid filled inclined 3D Cavity with incorporated Ahmed Body , 2017 .

[50]  S. Wongwises,et al.  Measurement of temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and viscosity of TiO2-water nanofluids , 2009 .

[51]  K. V. Sharma,et al.  Experimental determination of turbulent forced convection heat transfer and friction factor with SiO2 nanofluid , 2013 .

[52]  B. Zeghmati,et al.  Augmentation of natural convective heat transfer in linearly heated cavity by utilizing nanofluids in the presence of magnetic field and uniform heat generation/absorption , 2015 .