High-angular diffusion MRI in reward-based psychiatric disorders

The structural mapping of the complex brain networks under healthy and diseased states is of great importance to understand the working mechanism of the brain function. Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging and its derivative methods are currently the only way to measure macroscopic axonal organization in nervous system tissues, in vivo and non-invasively. Nevertheless, it has revealed tremendous unprecedented details about the brain architecture and inspired unlimited expectation on its future development. In this chapter, we first explain the basic principles of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) , and then discuss the strategies for resolving multiple fibers within one voxel, in particular on the diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) method. We further introduce the pipeline of data analysis including quantification of whole brain white matter and visualization of specific microstructural tracts, and conclude with their recent applications in psychiatric disorders.

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