An adaptive audio watermarking based on the singular value decomposition in the wavelet domain

This paper presents a secure, robust, and blind adaptive audio watermarking algorithm based on singular value decomposition (SVD) in the discrete wavelet transform domain using synchronization code. In our algorithm, a watermark is embedded by applying a quantization-index-modulation process on the singular values in the SVD of the wavelet domain blocks. The watermarked signal is perceptually similar to the original audio signal and gives high quality output. Experimental results show that the hidden watermark data is robust to additive noise, resampling, low-pass filtering, requantization, MP3 compression, cropping, echo addition, and denoising. Performance analysis of the proposed scheme shows low error probability rates. The data embedding rate of the proposed scheme is 45.9 bps. The proposed scheme has high payload and superior performance against MP3 compression compared to the earlier audio watermarking schemes.

[1]  Michael Arnold.  Audio watermarking: features, applications and algorithms , 2000, 2000 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. ICME2000. Proceedings. Latest Advances in the Fast Changing World of Multimedia (Cat. No.00TH8532).

[2]  Stephan Katzenbeisser,et al.  Information Hiding Techniques for Steganography and Digital Watermaking , 1999 .

[3]  Darko Kirovski,et al.  Spread-spectrum watermarking of audio signals , 2003, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[4]  Ioannis Pitas,et al.  Robust audio watermarking in the time domain , 1998, 9th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO 1998).

[5]  Hyoung Joong Kim,et al.  Modified patchwork algorithm: a novel audio watermarking scheme , 2003, IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process..

[6]  Xin Li,et al.  Transparent and robust audio data hiding in cepstrum domain , 2000, 2000 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. ICME2000. Proceedings. Latest Advances in the Fast Changing World of Multimedia (Cat. No.00TH8532).

[7]  Ahmed H. Tewfik,et al.  Robust audio watermarking using perceptual masking , 1998, Signal Process..

[8]  Xin Li,et al.  Transparent and robust audio data hiding in subband domain , 2000, Proceedings International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (Cat. No.PR00540).

[9]  Jürgen Herre,et al.  Digital Watermarking and Its Influence on Audio Quality , 1998 .

[10]  Gregory W. Wornell,et al.  Quantization index modulation: A class of provably good methods for digital watermarking and information embedding , 2001, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[11]  Ziya Telatar,et al.  Improved SVD-DWT based digital image watermarking against watermark ambiguity , 2007, SAC '07.

[12]  Ingemar J. Cox,et al.  Digital Watermarking and Steganography , 2014 .

[13]  Walter Bender,et al.  Echo Hiding , 1996, Information Hiding.

[14]  Ergun Erçelebi,et al.  Audio watermarking scheme based on embedding strategy in low frequency components with a binary image , 2009, Digit. Signal Process..

[15]  Ryuki Tachibana,et al.  An audio watermarking method using a two-dimensional pseudo-random array , 2002, Signal Process..

[16]  Mohamed F. Mansour,et al.  Time-Scale Invariant Audio Data Embedding , 2003, EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process..

[17]  Arpan Pal,et al.  A Survey on Different Video Watermarking Techniques and Comparative Analysis with Reference to H.264/AVC , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics.

[18]  Xiangyang Xue,et al.  Localized audio watermarking technique robust against time-scale modification , 2006, IEEE Trans. Multim..

[19]  Jiwu Huang,et al.  Efficiently self-synchronized audio watermarking for assured audio data transmission , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting.

[20]  Tapio Seppänen,et al.  Spread spectrum audio watermarking using frequency hopping and attack characterization , 2004, Signal Process..

[21]  Xiang-Yang Wang,et al.  A Novel Synchronization Invariant Audio Watermarking Scheme Based on DWT and DCT , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[22]  A. A. Beex,et al.  Encoding a hidden auxiliary channel onto a digital audio signal using psychoacoustic masking , 1997, Proceedings IEEE SOUTHEASTCON '97. 'Engineering the New Century'.

[23]  P. Bao,et al.  Image adaptive watermarking using wavelet domain singular value decomposition , 2005 .

[24]  Wen-Nung Lie,et al.  Robust and high-quality time-domain audio watermarking based on low-frequency amplitude modification , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Multimedia.

[25]  S. Han,et al.  A survey of digital image watermarking techniques , 2005, INDIN '05. 2005 3rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, 2005..

[26]  Ye Wang.  A new watermarking method of digital audio content for copyright protection , 1998, ICSP '98. 1998 Fourth International Conference on Signal Processing (Cat. No.98TH8344).

[27]  Mohamed F. Mansour,et al.  Data embedding in audio using time-scale modification , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing.

[28]  Jiwu Huang,et al.  Audio watermarking robust against time-scale modification and MP3 compression , 2008, Signal Process..

[29]  Yôiti Suzuki,et al.  Time-spread echo method for digital audio watermarking using PN sequences , 2002, 2002 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing.

[30]  Hongxia Wang,et al.  Chaos-based discrete fractional Sine transform domain audio watermarking scheme , 2009, Comput. Electr. Eng..