Primary biliary cirrhosis associated with pernicious anemia.

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune disease of progressive intrahepatic cholestasia, characterized by chronic nonsuppurative destructive granulomatous cholangitis leading to bile duct loss, fibrosis, and eventually cirrhosis of the liver. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical features, a cholestatic pattern indicating abnormal liver function, and the presence of antimitochondrial antibodies in the serum. The incidence and prevalence rates are higher in countries in the northern hemisphere, such as the United Kingdom, Scandinavia, Canada, and the United States, but the disease does affect different races.1 One of the clinical characteristics of PBC is its association with various autoimmune disorders. However, the association of PBC with pernicious anemia (PA) has seldom been reported; therefore, the diagnosis of PA in PBC patients might be overlooked.

[1]  A. Letaief,et al.  A case of primary biliary cirrhosis associated with pernicious anemia: a case report , 2010, Cases journal.

[2]  M. Kaplan,et al.  Primary biliary cirrhosis , 1998, Hepatology.

[3]  F. Kinjo,et al.  A rare association of primary biliary cirrhosis and pernicious anemia , 2002, Journal of Gastroenterology.

[4]  H. Asakura,et al.  A female with asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis associated with pernicious anemia , 2001, Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology.

[5]  K. Dohmen Primary biliary cirrhosis and pernicious anemia , 2001, Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology.

[6]  Y. Nagai,et al.  [A case of primary biliary cirrhosis associated with pernicious anemia]. , 1999, Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai zasshi = The Japanese journal of gastro-enterology.

[7]  H. Aydin,et al.  [Pernicious anemia in a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis]. , 1994, Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift.

[8]  J. Hoofnagle,et al.  Sjögren's syndrome in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis , 1990, Hepatology.

[9]  E. Dickson,et al.  Autoimmune associations in primary biliary cirrhosis. , 1982, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[10]  M. Beaugrand,et al.  [Primary biliary cirrhosis and pernicious anemia. A fortuitous association? (author's transl)]. , 1980, Gastroenterologie clinique et biologique.

[11]  M. Baker,et al.  Pernicious anemia. , 1947, American practitioner and digest of treatment.