Remote sensing of micrometeorological quantities.

This overview of the uses of sodars in meteorological applications categorizes the applications by signal source, specifically amplitude, frequency, or ''visualization'' for example, of vertical time sections of signal amplitude. Examples are shown of data derived from each category. A final section presents the potential for using groups of sodars in networks with other instruments to estimate quantities such as divergence.

[1]  V. I. Tatarskii.  Wave Propagation in Turbulent Medium , 1961 .

[2]  B. Strauss,et al.  Measuring Heat Flux and Structure Functions of Temperature Fluctuations with an Acoustic Doppler Sodar , 1980 .

[3]  R. Coulter,et al.  A case study of turbulence in the stable nocturnal boundary layer , 1990 .

[4]  R. L. Coulter,et al.  Results from a high-power, high-frequency sodar , 1986 .

[5]  D. Asimakopoulos,et al.  Estimation of potential‐temperature gradient in turbulent stable layers using acoustic sounder measurements , 2000 .

[6]  Stuart A. Collins,et al.  Behavior of the Refractive-Index-Structure Parameter near the Ground* , 1971 .

[7]  Estimates of surface heat flux from sodar and laser scintillation measurements in the unstable boundary layer , 1980 .

[8]  W. Neff,et al.  Quantitative evaluation of acoustic echoes from the planetary boundary layer , 1975 .

[9]  S. Argentini,et al.  Case Studies of the Wintertime Convective Boundary-Layer Structure in the Urban Area of Milan, Italy , 1999 .

[10]  Freeman F. Hall,et al.  Advances in atmospheric acoustics , 1978 .

[11]  A. Spizzichino.  Discussion of the operating conditions of a Doppler sodar , 1974 .

[12]  T. J. Moulsley,et al.  Quantitative low-level acoustic sounding and comparison with direct measurements , 1983 .

[13]  E. Eloranta,et al.  Lidar Observations of Mixed Layer Dynamics: Tests of Parameterized Entrainment Models of Mixed Layer Growth Rate , 1984 .

[14]  P. Papageorgas,et al.  Estimation of abl Parameters Using the Vertical Velocity Measurements of an Acoustic Sounder , 1999 .

[15]  F. Beyrich,et al.  Estimation of the Entrainment Zone Depth in a Shallow Convective Boundary Layer from Sodar Data , 1998 .

[16]  F. Beyrich,et al.  Mixing height estimation from sodar data — A critical discussion☆ , 1997 .

[17]  J. Gaynor.  Acoustic Doppler Measurement of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Velocity Structure Functions and Energy Dissipation Rates , 1977 .

[18]  V. Kotroni,et al.  Estimation of surface stress over a forest from sodar measurements and its use to parameterize the stable boundary-layer height , 1993 .

[19]  A quantitative comparison between acoustic sounder returns and the direct measurement of atmospheric temperature fluctuations , 1976 .

[20]  M. A. Karam,et al.  PROPAGATION AND SCATTERING IN MULTI-LAYERED RANDOM MEDIA WITH ROUGH INTERFACES , 1982 .

[21]  Turbulence variables derived from sodar data , 1997 .

[22]  Richard Coulter,et al.  Some Turbulence and Diffusion Parameter Estimates within Cooling Tower Plumes Derived from Sodar Data , 1980 .

[23]  G. Fiocco,et al.  Accuracy of Wind Velocity Determinations with Doppler Sodars , 1982 .

[24]  R. Coulter,et al.  Acoustic Remote Sensing , 1986 .

[25]  A. Weill,et al.  The CRPE minisodar: Applications in micrometeorology and in physics of precipitations , 1986 .

[26]  R. Coulter,et al.  A Comparison of Three Methods for Measuring Mixing-Layer Height , 1979 .

[27]  C. G. Little,et al.  Acoustic methods for the remote probing of the lower atmosphere , 1969 .