Controlled radical polymerization of styrene with magnetic iron oxides prepared through hydrothermal, bioinspired, and bacterial processes

Controlled/living radical polymerization was examined with the use of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) prepared through various processes, including hydrothermal synthesis, a bioinspired process, and magnetotactic bacteria. Prior to the use of various types of Fe3O4, commercially available Fe3O4 was employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for styrene polymerization in conjunction with an alkyl halide as an initiator. Under appropriately optimized conditions, with the addition of Ph3P in a solvent mixture of toluene and DMF, the polymerization proceeded in a well-controlled manner. In addition, solid Fe3O4 was recovered using a magnetic approach and was reused for a polymerization reaction. The effects of stirring on the polymerization rate suggest that the surface of Fe3O4 is responsible for the catalysis in polymerization. Fe3O4 samples prepared through various processes were then used for styrene polymerization and showed different activities depending on the preparation process. In particular, Fe3O4 prepared through hydrothermal synthesis exhibited a much higher activity compared with commercial Fe3O4.

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