An energy efficient DOA estimation algorithm for uncorrelated and coherent signals in virtual MIMO systems

The multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) and smart antenna (SA) technique have been widely accepted as promising schemes to improve the spectrum efficiency and coverage of mobile communication systems. The definition of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is that multiple directions of incident signals can be estimated simultaneously by some algorithms using the received data. The conventional DOA estimation of user equipments (UEs) is one by one, which is named as sequential scheme. The Virtual MIMO (VMIMO) scheme is that the base station (BS) estimates the DOAs of UEs in a parallel way, which adopts the SA simultaneously. Obviously, when the power is fixed, the VMIMO scheme is much more energy efficient than the sequential scheme. In VMIMO scheme, a set of UEs are grouped together to simultaneously communicate with the BS on a given resource block. Then the BS using multiple antennas can estimate the 2D-DOA of the UEs in the group simultaneously. Based on VMIMO system, the 2D-DOA estimation algorithm for uncorrelated and coherent signals is proposed in this paper. The special structure of mutual coupling matrix (MCM) of uniform linear array (ULA) is applied to eliminate the effect of mutual coupling. The 2D-DOA of uncorrelated signals can be estimated by DOA-matrix method. The parameter pairing between azimuth and elevation is accomplished. Then these estimations are utilized to get the mutual coupling coefficients. Based on spatial smoothing and DOA matrix method, the 2D-DOA of coherent signals can be estimated. The Cramer–Rao lower bound is derived at last. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed algorithm.

[1]  Anthony J. Weiss,et al.  Direction finding in the presence of mutual coupling , 1991 .

[2]  Chonggang Wang,et al.  Lightweight User Grouping with Flexible Degrees of Freedom in Virtual MIMO , 2013, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[3]  Moustafa Youssef,et al.  Secure Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey , 2010, ArXiv.

[4]  Takahiro Hara,et al.  Localization algorithms of Wireless Sensor Networks: a survey , 2011, Telecommunication Systems.

[5]  Fadhel M. Ghannouchi,et al.  Single RF front-end MIMO transceivers , 2011, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[6]  J. Cadzow,et al.  Resolution of coherent signals using a linear array , 1987, ICASSP '87. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing.

[7]  James A. Cadzow,et al.  General direction-of-arrival estimation: a signal subspace approach , 1989 .

[8]  Ying Han,et al.  Spatial difference smoothing for DOA estimation of coherent signals , 2005, IEEE Signal Process. Lett..

[9]  Jiadong Xu,et al.  An efficient method in array processing for eliminating the signal cancellation phenomena of the differencing method , 1997, Signal Process..

[10]  Xiao-Ye Xu,et al.  Two-dimensional direction of arrival estimation in the presence of uncorrelated and coherent signals , 2009 .

[11]  Lin Tian,et al.  A Novel AWSF Algorithm for DOA Estimation in Virtual MIMO Systems , 2013, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[12]  Angzhao Di,et al.  Multiple source location-A matrix decomposition approach , 1985, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process..

[13]  Yiyu Zhou,et al.  DOA estimation with uniform linear arrays in the presence of mutual coupling via blind calibration , 2009, Signal Process..

[14]  M. Suganthi,et al.  Variable power adaptive MIMO OFDM system under imperfect CSI for mobile ad hoc networks , 2012, Telecommun. Syst..

[15]  Z. Ye,et al.  Estimation of two-dimensional direction-of-arrival for uncorrelated and coherent signals with low complexity , 2010 .

[16]  Nanning Zheng,et al.  Two-dimensional direction of arrival estimation method for a mixture of noncoherent and coherent narrowband signals , 2013, 2013 IEEE 14th Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC).

[17]  Christos V. Verikoukis,et al.  A Low-Complexity Method for Antenna Selection in Spatial Modulation Systems , 2013, IEEE Communications Letters.

[18]  Thomas Kailath,et al.  ESPRIT-estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques , 1989, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process..

[19]  Xiaofei Zhang,et al.  Improved two-dimensional DOA estimation algorithm for two-parallel uniform linear arrays using propagator method , 2012, Signal Process..

[20]  Huan Wang,et al.  Opportunistic power allocation strategies and fair subcarrier allocation in OFDM-based cognitive radio networks , 2011, Telecommunication Systems.

[21]  Jisheng Dai,et al.  Spatial smoothing for direction of arrival estimation of coherent signals in the presence of unknown mutual coupling , 2011 .

[22]  Seungwon Choi,et al.  Experiments on MIMO-OFDM system combined with adaptive beamforming based on IEEE 802.16e WMAN standard , 2013, Telecommun. Syst..

[23]  M. A. Golroudbari,et al.  Direction of arrival estimation in multipath environments using ICA and wavelet array denoising , 2011, 2011 5th International Conference on Application of Information and Communication Technologies (AICT).

[24]  Xiao-Ye Xu,et al.  Two-dimensional direction of arrival estimation by exploiting the symmetric configuration of uniform rectangular array , 2012 .

[25]  Ang-Zhao Di,et al.  Matrix decomposition and multiple source location , 1984, ICASSP.

[26]  Surendra Prasad,et al.  An improved spatial smoothing technique for bearing estimation in a multipath environment , 1988, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process..

[27]  Branka Vucetic,et al.  Analysis of transmit antenna selection/maximal-ratio combining in Rayleigh fading channels , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[28]  Ernst Bonek,et al.  A real-time DOA-based smart antenna processor , 2002, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol..

[29]  Tieqi Xia,et al.  Decoupled Estimation of 2-D Angles of Arrival Using Two Parallel Uniform Linear Arrays , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[30]  Hong Wen,et al.  Framework for MIMO cross-layer secure communication based on STBC , 2011, Telecommunication Systems.

[31]  Jinkuan Wang,et al.  Spatial Differencing Method for DOA Estimation Under the Coexistence of Both Uncorrelated and Coherent Signals , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[32]  A. Lee Swindlehurst,et al.  A Performance Analysis ofSubspace-Based Methods in thePresence of Model Errors { Part I : The MUSIC AlgorithmA , 1992 .

[33]  R. O. Schmidt,et al.  Multiple emitter location and signal Parameter estimation , 1986 .

[34]  Guangjie Han,et al.  Secure Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey (Invited Paper) , 2011, J. Commun..

[35]  Zhongfu Ye,et al.  Method of direction-of-arrival estimation for uncorrelated, partially correlated and coherent sources , 2007 .

[36]  Dean Zhao,et al.  Real-valued DOA estimation for uniform linear array with unknown mutual coupling , 2012, Signal Process..

[37]  Zhongfu Ye,et al.  On the Resiliency of MUSIC Direction Finding Against Antenna Sensor Coupling , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[38]  Jiangzhou Wang,et al.  Chunk-Based Resource Allocation in OFDMA Systems—Part II: Joint Chunk, Power and Bit Allocation , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[39]  Z. Ye,et al.  DOA Estimation by Exploiting the Symmetric Configuration of Uniform Linear Array , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[40]  Tung-Sang Ng,et al.  Performance analysis on MIMO-OFCDM systems with multi-code transmission , 2009, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun..

[41]  Jin He,et al.  Extended Aperture 2-D Direction Finding With a Two-Parallel-Shape-Array Using Propagator Method , 2009, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[42]  Jiangzhou Wang,et al.  Chunk-based resource allocation in OFDMA systems - part I: chunk allocation , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[43]  Kui Liu,et al.  2-D spatial smoothing for multipath coherent signal separation , 1998 .

[44]  Xu Xu,et al.  DOA Estimation for Uniform Linear Array with Mutual Coupling , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[45]  C.C. Ko,et al.  DOA estimation under unknown mutual coupling and multipath , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[46]  Zhongfu Ye,et al.  DOA Estimation for Mixed Signals in the Presence of Mutual Coupling , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.