Aerodynamic Optimization of Trailing-Edge-Serrations for a Wind Turbine Blade Using Taguchi Modified Additive Model

For the rotor, achieving relatively high aerodynamic performance in specific wind conditions is a long-term goal. Inspired by the remarkable flight characteristics of owls, an optimal trailing edge serration design is investigated and proposed for a wind turbine rotor blade. Fluid flow interaction with the proposed serrations is explored for different wind conditions. The result is supported by subsequent validation with three-dimensional numerical tools. The present work employs a statistical-numerical method to predict and optimize the shape of the serrations for maximum aerodynamic improvement. The optimal combination is found using the Taguchi method with three factors: Amplitude, wavelength, and serration thickness. The viability of the solution on an application is assessed using the Weibull distribution of wind in three selected regions. Results show that the presence of serration is capable of improving the annual power generation in all the investigated cities by up to 12%. The rated speed is also shifted from 10 m/s to 8 m/s for most configurations. Additionally, all configurations show similar trends for the instantaneous torque, where an increase is observed in pre-rated speed, whereas a decrease is noticed in the post-rated speed region. A look at the flow field pattern for the optimal design in comparison with the clean blade shows that the modified blade is able to generate more lift in the pre-stall region, while for the post-stall region, early separation and increased wake dominate the flow.