Concentration-Dependent Shielding of Electrostatic Potentials Inside the Gramicidin A Channels

, 127-157) is a neutral polypeptide that acts as a channel to allow ions to cross otherwise impermeablemembranes. We compute sodium chloride currents through the gramicidin A channel using the spectralelementmethodtosolvethethree-dimensionalPoisson-Nernst-Planckequations.Thepotentialprofilesthrough the channel can be resolved into an intrinsic and extrinsic component with surprisingly littleambiguity; that is, the system is nearly linear in that sense. However, the intrinsic potential dependsstrongly on the bath concentrations: variations in the bath concentrations change the intrinsic potentialby several (ˇ6.6) times the thermal voltage

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